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Humans are characterized by an unusual level of prosociality. Despite this, considerable indirect evidence suggests that biological kinship plays an important role in altruistic behaviour. All previous reports of the influence of kin selection on human altruism have, however, used correlational (rather than experimental) designs, or imposed only a hypothetical or negligible time cost on participan
Drugs acting on the central nervous system (CNS) and given to a pregnant woman during the latter part of pregnancy may affect neonatal morbidity of the infant. Little is known on the combined effects of different categories of such drugs. The redeeming of prescriptions for CNS-active drugs during the second or third trimester of pregnancy was studied by linkage between a register of prescribed dru
Many insects perceive the E-vector orientation of polarized skylight and use it for compass navigation. In locusts, polarized light is detected by photoreceptors of the dorsal rim area of the eye. Polarized light signals from both eyes are integrated in the central complex (CC), a group of neuropils in the center of the brain. Thirteen types of CC neuron are sensitive to dorsally presented, polari
Popular Abstract in Swedish I avhandlingen studeras plasminogenaktiverings-systemets (PA-systemets) komponenter i livmoderslemhinnan. PA-systemet reglerar omvandlingen av plasminogen till plasmin. Plasminogen är ett inaktivt enzym som finns överallt i kroppsvätskor samt i kroppens olika organ. Aktiveringen katalyseras av aktivatorer, antingen urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) eller tissue plasThe release of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) from endometrial stromal cells decreased after progesterone stimulation, due to upregulation of PA inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and uPA receptor (uPAR). Subsequently, the uPA:PAI-1 complex was internalized and degraded via uPAR. Predecidual cells in the late secretory phase expressed PAI-1 and uPAR, supporting a specific role for predecidual cells in the
Popular Abstract in Swedish Tuberkulos (Tbc) är en sjukdom som plågat mänskligheten sedan årtusenden före Kristi födelse. Bakterien som orsakar Tbc sprids från person till person företrädesvis via luftvägarna. En tredjedel av världens befolkning tros vara smittad; ca 10% av dessa utvecklar aktiv Tbc någon gång under livet. Totalt insjuknar årligen ca 8 miljoner personer i Tbc; 2 miljoner av dem döTuberculosis (TB) has plagued the humanity for several thousands of years. The bacteria causing TB is mainly spread from person to person as an aerosol transmission. It is estimated that one third of the world’s population is infected with the disease; about 10% of these will develop active TB during their lifetime. In year 2000, 8 million TB-cases were detected, of which 2 million died. Except fo
We present a Bayesian approach to particle identification (PID) within the ALICE experiment. The aim is to more effectively combine the particle identification capabilities of its various detectors. After a brief explanation of the adopted methodology and formalism, the performance of the Bayesian PID approach for charged pions, kaons and protons in the central barrel of ALICE is studied. PID is p
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism by which TCF7L2 rs7903146 risk allele confers susceptibility to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) in obese adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The rs7903146 variant in the TCF7L2 gene was genotyped in a multiethnic cohort of 955 youths. All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test with the use of the O
Titan, Demon and Genius in the Poetical Work of Mihai Eminescu is a book that furthers on the interpretation of the most representative Eminescu’s poems and also of his lyrical theatre. Besides, a special chapter is dedicated to the cultural context of the second half of the 19th century and another one records the literary works inspired by Eminescu’s works and personality throughout the 20th cen
Introduction Reporting estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) instead of serum concentrations is advised in current guidelines. Most creatinine-based eGFR equations for children require height, a parameter not readily available to laboratories. Combining height-dependent creatinine- and cystatin C-based eGFR improves performance. Recently, a height-independent creatinine-based eGFR equation h
Non-myelinated C-fibre responses during sympathetic trunk stimulation were studied in rabbit common peroneal nerve 2 weeks after the nerve had been subjected to compression at 400 mmHg for 30 min. Our previous studies have demonstrated that during sympathetic trunk stimulation the compound action potential of uninjured somatic C-fibres is characterized by a reduced amplitude and an increased laten
BACKGROUND: Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common sex chromosome disorder. The genetic background is the extra X chromosome. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been observed among KS patients. The aim of the present study was to examine whether KS is associated with VTE.METHODS AND RESULTS: We followed up all hospital in- and outpatients (N=1085) in Sweden with a diagnosis of KS between Janua
År 2001 deklarerade den tanzaniska regeringen den första Primary Education Development Plan och därmed avskaffades den tidigare obligatoriska skolavgiften för grundskolan. I och med avskaffandet av skolavgiften förväntades andelen barn i grundskola att öka. Syftet med avhandlingen är att förstå hur reformen och dess fokus på avskaffandet av skolavgiften har påverkat föräldrars och vårdnadshavaresIn 2001, the first Primary Education Development Plan declared that the previous obligatory primary education fee was to be abolished in Tanzania. This was an attempt to increase the access to public primary education for all children. This thesis aims to understand how the reform and its focus on the abolition of school fee influences parents’ and caregivers’ support for primary education and imp
Seed orchards function as the primary source of high-quality seeds for reforestation in many European countries, but their seed yields can be severely reduced due to seed- and cone-feeding insects. We evaluated various parameters of pheromone-based mating disruption for control of the moths Cydia strobilella and Dioryctria abietella, which are major pests in European Picea abies seed orchards. We
The balance between the availability of energy and nutrients is decisive for the growth and survival of organisms. Here, we evaluated how energy, in this study expressed as total carbon (TC), is lost along the land to ocean aquatic continuum (LOAC) in relation to nutrients, i.e., total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total iron (TFe), and dissolved silica (DSi). For the evaluation, we used d
BACKGROUND: Impaired antiviral interferon expression may be involved in asthma exacerbations commonly caused by rhinovirus infections. Allergy is a known risk factor for viral-induced asthma exacerbation, but little is known whether allergens may affect interferon responses.OBJECTIVE: Our hypothesis is that house dust mite (HDM) impairs viral stimulus-induced antiviral signalling.METHODS: Experime
Purpose: In Parkinson’s disease (PD), pathological microstructural changes occur that may be detected using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). However, there are few longitudinal studies that explore the effect of disease progression on diffusion indices. Methods: We prospectively included 76 patients with PD and 38 healthy controls (HC), all of whom underwent diffusion kurtosis imaging
This paper considers the long-term effects of smoking on disability retirement in Sweden. Smoking is known to have damaging effects on health, but there is limited evidence on how the effects of smoking translate into worse labour market outcomes, such as the inability to work. In contrast to the few previous studies on smoking and disability retirement, we use a large population sample with regis
The human host defense peptide, LL-37, is an important player in the first line of defense against invading microorganisms. LL-37 and its precursor, hCAP18, have been detected in unstimulated whole saliva but no reports showing hCAP18/LL-37 in isolated, parotid, and/or submandibular/sublingual saliva have been presented. Here, we measured the levels of hCAP18/LL-37 in human parotid and submandibul
All experimental models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) result in a progressive loss of brain tissue. The extent of tissue loss reflects the injury severity and can be measured to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of experimental treatments. Quantitation of tissue volumes is commonly performed using evenly spaced brain sections stained using routine histochemical methods and digitally
Familial myelodysplastic syndromes arise from haploinsufficiency of genes involved in hematopoiesis and are primarily associated with early-onset disease. Here we describe a familial syndrome in seven patients from four unrelated pedigrees presenting with myelodysplastic syndrome and loss of chromosome 7/7q. Their median age at diagnosis was 2.1 years (range, 1-42). All patients presented with thr
