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Accurate determination of the genetic diversity present in the HIV quasispecies is critical for the development of a preventative vaccine: in particular, little is known about viral genetic diversity for the second type of HIV, HIV-2. A better understanding of HIV-2 biology is relevant to the HIV vaccine field because a substantial proportion of infected people experience long-term viral control,
When did the Reformation end? Reformation, confessionalization and the representation of Martin Luther in Swedish 16th-century printIn the past decades, Swedish scholars have used the concept of the Reformation to refer to a long process of religious change in Sweden between 1527 and 1593. The influence from the term ”the long reformation” used in the Anglo-Saxon world is tangible. Instead, this e
The unsustainable human impact on ecology and ensuing climate change necessitates the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The largest contributing industrial sector is the chemical industry, due to its petrochemical dependency. For this reason, and for the finite nature of fossil fuels, the chemical industry is forced to shift to sustainable sources, such as biorefinery products. The biorefiner
AbstractEndocarditis, or heart valve infection, can be caused by a number of pathogens, many of which are Gram-positive bacteria. The diagnosis is based on imaging techniques such as echocardiography and on blood culture. The implementation of fast and accurate species identification methods, such as the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in
Background: Prediction of neurological outcome in unconscious patients after cardiac arrest (CA) forms the basis for decisions on further level-of-care based on results from clinical neurological examinations, neuroimaging (CT or MRI), neurophysiology (EEG or SSEP) and blood biomarkers of brain injury. Methods must be highly specific to avoid misclassifying patients with possibilities of a good ou
OBJECTIVE: Coronary artery disease is a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. Little is known about insulin-like growth factor-I receptors (IGF-IR) and insulin receptors (IR) in human coronary endothelium. Our aim was to characterize IGF-IR and IR in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). DESIGN: Cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells were used. Gene expressio
Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved the survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Many patients have deep molecular responses, a prerequisite for TKI therapy discontinuation. We aimed to define precise conditions for stopping treatment. Methods: In this prospective, non-randomised trial, we enrolled patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia at 61 European centres i
Inom beredskapen mot radiologiska och nukleära olyckor och katastrofer spelar strålningsmätningar en avgörande roll för att ta reda på vad som har hänt och hur farligt det är för människa, djur och natur och på vilket sätt det påverkar miljö och samhällsfunktioner. I Sverige och många andra länder i världen har allmänheten en rättighet att få reda på vad som hänt och vad de utsätts för i ett eventThis thesis describes investigations made on mobile and stationary gammaspectrometry made both under laboratory conditions and in situ. The objective hasbeen to identify and quantify radionuclides in the form of point sources,contamination and widespread deposition in situations where the measurementgeometry is not known beforehand. Both scintillators and semiconductor detectors ofsimilar size wer
Johannes Magnus (1488–1544) was the last Catholic archbishop of Uppsala to hold residence in Sweden. He was also a historian and wrote a work in Latin about Swedish history that was to gain an unparalleled importance. The work is entitled Historia de omnibus Gothorum Sueonumque regibus, the ‘History of all the Kings of the Goths and the Swedes’. It is arranged as a series of biographies of over 20
The overall aim of this thesis is to examine how walking as a transport mode is constructed in the planning realm, affected by the built environment and perceived by the individual. This aim is related to the following research questions: (1) How are pedestrians and walking understood, constructed and perceived in the planning context? (2) How does individual traits and the built environment affec
Periampullary adenocarcinoma, including pancreatic cancer, has a poor prognosis that has not improved in the last decades. Therefore, in order to find more effective treatment regimens, it is necessary to gain more insight into the biology and clinical behaviour of these tumours. This thesis entails a thorough histopathological characterization of retrospectively collected tumours from a consecuti
Coastal flooding and erosion are worldwide problems that are further aggravated by rising sea levels and increasing population densities in coastal areas. In many of those areas, sandy beaches and dunes protect thehinterland from waves and extreme water levels during storms, while providing natural and recreational values. Sandy coasts are dynamic systems. Thus, risk assessments and coastal manage
Objective: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Early disease processes, such as amyloid-β aggregation measured with quantitative PET, may help to explain the phenotype of SCD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether quantitative amyloid-β load is associated with both
The built environment is important to achieve a sustainable society. From a sustainability perspective, refurbishment can be preferable to building anew. A significant proportion of the built environment needs to be refurbished. Refurbishment projects also provide the opportunity to proactively upgrade the working environment for users during operation and use.Research concerning the working envir
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is characterized by nonrandom chromosomal aberrations, varying from one or a few changes in early-stage and low-grade tumors, to highly rearranged karyotypes in muscle-invasive lesions. Recent array-CGH analyses have shed further light on the genomic changes underlying the neoplastic development of UC, and have facilitated the molecular delineation a
Popular Abstract in Swedish De fyra essäerna i Sickness Insurance: Design and Behavior studerar sjukförsäkringens utformning ur både ett empiriskt och ett teoretiskt perspektiv. Den första essän bygger på en enkätstudie och innehåller två delar. I den första delen undersöks människors preferenser för olika utformningar av sjukförsäkringen, där de olika utformningarna förväntas ge ungefär samma kosThe first essay presents the results from a questionnaire study of sickness insurance and sickness absence behavior in Sweden. In the first part, people’s preferences for the design of a sickness insurance are discussed. Three combinations of qualifying days and compensation rates, with approximately the same costs within the insurance system, are compared. From the questionnaire it is concluded t
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen innehåller tre empiriska studier som analyserar hur livsmedelsmarknaden påverkas av åtgärder för att fördjupa den europeiska ekonomiska integrationen. Fokus är på det svenska EU-medlemskap och det kontinuerliga arbetet med att harmonisera livsmedelslagstiftningen. Det senare har stor relevans för livsmedelsmarknaden eftersom det har funnits och fortfarande This thesis consists of three papers, all of which deal with the effects of deepening European integration on the food and beverage industry and market. The focus is on the period after Swedish EU membership in 1995. The last two papers use firm data and focus on the Swedish food and beverage industry, an industry which is an interesting case study as it was considered to be protected from foreign
Popular Abstract in Swedish Fjärrvärme är en väletablerad teknik som främst används för uppvärmning av byggnader och varmvatten. I Sverige värms över 80% av flerbostadshusen med fjärrvärme, vilket innebär att de flesta svenskar faktiskt bor i ett fjärrvärmeuppvärmt hus. Fjärrvärme är inte enbart en svensk teknik, utan används över hela värden där behov av uppvärmning finns. Länderna i Norden och ÖThe objective of this thesis is to contribute to improved performance of district heating systems by focusing on three items. Item 1: Study of three methods for improving the performance of sub-systems within buildings connected to the distribution network. The methods can be considered as more or less innovative. Results from two of these measures are quantified in terms of so-called Primary Ener
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of single or multistage approach during fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (FB-EVAR) of extensive thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs).METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data of consecutive patients treated by FB-EVAR for Extent I-III TAAAs in 24 centers (2006-2021). All patients received a single brand manufactured patient-sp
Background: Accumulation of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in the liver is known to induce hepatic steatosis and inflammation causing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although SFAs have been shown to affect the epigenome in whole blood, pancreatic islets, and adipose tissue in humans, and genome-wide DNA methylation studies have linked epigenetic ch
