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The European Monetary Union was formed over a decade ago with a mission to create a single market with a single currency for the European Union members. Today only 19 out of the European Union members have adopted the official common currency, the Euro. The purpose for this thesis is to asses how the Euro has effected Finland’s exports during the time period 1995-2014. This has been estimated thro
The aim of this project was to determine the consequences of the large-scale introduction of wood-based biofuels in the road transport sector. Therefore a model has been developed to project the demand for wood in Sweden in the period from 2007 to 2050. The wood-using sectors that were taken into account are: the sawmill industry; the paper and pulp industry, which was split in three: integrated c
The development of the constitution of Zimbabwe reflects many aspects of the political turmoil currently troubling the country. The constitution as an institution can therefore be analyzed in a perspective of historical institutionalism where the theory of path dependency provides an understanding of the choices made by different political actors throughout Zimbabwe’s independent history. The adop
The WTO is constantly criticized for its lack of accountable activities, here this notion will be considered in relation to the Aid for Trade initiative enforced by the WTO. By evaluating this initiative and the emphasis by WTO on different accountability mechanisms a comprehensive picture on actions to improve accountability is intended to be reached. Through the application of a critical analysi
This paper addresses the need for secure storage in virtualized services in the cloud. To this purpose, we evaluate the security properties of Intel's Software Guard Extensions (SGX) technology, which provides hardware protection for general applications, for securing virtual Hardware Security Modules (vHSM). In order for the analysis to be comparable with analyses of physical HSMs, the evaluation
A Soft X-ray FEL (the SXL) is currently being designed at the MAX IV Laboratory. In the work to adapt the FEL to the scientific cases several advanced options are being studied for coherence enhancement, generation of short pulses and two-color pulses. We will discuss the current status and initial results of the schemes studied, especially regarding the FEL performance with the features of the MA
This article introduces an approach and framework for the quantification of the value of structural health monitoring (SHM) in the context of the structural risk and integrity management for systems. The quantification of the value of SHM builds upon the Bayesian decision and utility theory, which facilitates the assessment of the value of information associated with SHM. The principal approach fo
The provision and administration of high quality urban public green spaces intertwines issues of planning, design, management and maintenance with governance. The benefits of such spaces are often tied to social justice, public health and recreation, biodiversity and helping cities to deal with climate change. International policies and changes in public administration have encouraged user partici
The Hyogo and Sendai frameworks stress that risk assessments should inform plans. However, it is unclear how, in theory, risk assessments and plans are conceptually related and how, in practice, they inform each other. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap. Conceptually, it proposes an explicit link between risk assessments and plans via the capability of the responding organisation and its e
The ATLAS experiment has developed extensive software and distributed computing systems for Run 3 of the LHC. These systems are described in detail, including software infrastructure and workflows, distributed data and workload management, database infrastructure, and validation. The use of these systems to prepare the data for physics analysis and assess its quality are described, along with the
This paper presents the characterisation and testing of the first wafer-scale monolithic stitched sensor (MOSS) prototype developed for the ALICE ITS3 upgrade that is to be installed during the LHC Long Shutdown 3 (2026–2030). The MOSS chip design is driven by the truly cylindrical detector geometry that imposes that each layer is built out of two wafer-sized, bent silicon chips. The stitching tec
A search for the dimuon decay of the Higgs boson is presented based on pp collision data recorded by ATLAS during Run 3 of the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 165 fb-1 at √s = 13.6 TeV. To enhance the sensitivity, the results are combined with those from Run 2. An excess of events over the background is observed with a significance of 3.4σ (2.5σ expected). The b
