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Phosphate is fundamental for optimal growth and reproduction for plants. However, due to low solubility, not all phosphorus in the soil is available to the plant. It has recently been discovered that plants can take up complex phosphate-containing organic compounds, such as phospholipids. This depends on membrane transporters, more specifically lipid flippases. In the model plant Arabidopsis, the
The oceans mediate the response of global climate to natural and anthropogenic forcings. Yet for the past 2,000 years - a key interval for understanding the present and future climate response to these forcings - global sea surface temperature changes and the underlying driving mechanisms are poorly constrained. Here we present a global synthesis of sea surface temperatures for the Common Era (CE)
Animals use vision over a wide range of light intensities, from dim starlight to bright sunshine. For animals active in very dim light the visual system is challenged by several sources of visual noise. Adaptations in the eyes, as well as in the neural circuitry, have evolved to suppress the noise and enhance the visual signal, thereby improving vision in dim light. Among neural adaptations, spati
Multicomponent reactions are attractive for assembling functionalized heterocyclic compounds. To this end, an efficient gold-catalyzed three-component domino reaction to form oxazoles directly from imines, alkynes, and acid chlorides is presented. The reaction proceeds in a single synthetic step by using a gold(III)-N,N'-ethylenebis(salicylimine) (salen) catalyst to give trisubstituted oxazoles in
This article focuses on co-creation as a strategy and the challenge of applying theories of co-creation in practice. Place branding and a co-creative strategy based on art is used as an example of a special type of public relations concerned with building connections between stakeholders and a specific place. This is investigated through an analysis of how key internal stakeholders in a municipali
We describe the formation and structure of nucleolipid/dendrimer multilayer films controlled by non-covalent interactions to obtain biomaterials that exhibit molecular recognition of nucleic acids. Layers of cationic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 4 and the anionic nucleolipids 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylnucleosides (DLPNs) based on uridine (DLPU) and adenosine (DLPA
The enforcement and implementation of separate aspects of sustainable development and environmental sustainability can be challenging and innovative due to the complexity of this task. Appropriate policy and legal approaches and tools can be needed for this purpose. In this article, the EU experience of developing the framework for sustainable transport biofuels and special structural elements for
The concept ‘adult education’ is usually restricted to organisations where the cultural and societal development of the participants is emphasised. The title of this paper suggests that vocational education and training, too, has been important in adult education. In this paper, the opportunities for adults in Sweden in vocational education and training in the period 1918-1968 are explored with a
Purpose and research question: The purpose of the study is to examine the effect ESG disclosure exerts on a firm’s propensity towards public or private debt. Methodology: For the panel data, pooled OLS and fixed effects models are applied. A quadratic term is introduced to test for non-linearity between bond debt ratios and ESG disclosure scores. An instrumental variable approach and a sharp regre
Purpose: Supply chains lack transparency due to their complexity and fragmentation. Blockchain technology is increasingly expected to revolutionise businesses and promises to create trustworthy transparency. This study aimed to investigate the potentials of blockchain technology for supply chain transparency beyond the growing glorification. Methodology: The potentials, as well as immaturities and
In this thesis methods for finding state space representation parameters for low inductance DC-motors are found and evaluated. Theory previously tested in simulations is verified experimentally and improved upon for both linear behaviour when the motor is controlled with a DC-source as well as nonlinear behaviour when controlled with pulse width modulation (PWM). For the linear behaviour a linear
Queue latency is a fundamental part of end-to-end latency and ensuring low end-to-end latency is crucial for a good quality of service in the upcoming 5G and 6G applications. In this work we present a model capturing the essential dynamics of an end-to-end cellular system upon which we derive a control structure that is suitable for tractable analysis, seeking to mitigate queue latency and provide
This thesis explores the possibility of framing the problem of setting prices for consumer loans on loan comparison sites as a Multi-Armed Bandit Problem. The problem is solved by creating a Multi-Armed Bandit environment based on SEB:s expert knowledge of the problem. Different Multi-Armed Bandit algorithms are then compared in a stationary environment after which the best performing algorithm is
Nominal rigidity is a central question in the debates to address better models to predict the outcome of certain policies. However, there is little empirical evidence that gives a deeper understanding of the mechanism that transmits this friction into the economy. This paper aims to understand the relationship between price rigidity and wage rigidity in the Swedish economy. I found a positive rela
There are currently increasing concerns about escalating crude oil prices, depleted petroleum resources, and environmental damages caused by plastics. In light of this, bio-based and biodegradable materials, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), have gained global attention from industry and academia as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based materials. Poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the simple
Allergic contacts dermatitis is a major health problem in the world and the disease is caused by a type IV hypersensitivity to a small chemical called a hapten. These substances are common in cosmetics, perfumes, pharmaceuticals and house-hold products, and risk factors include both inherent factors and frequent or high exposure. Hazard assessment and potency classification of sensitizers are ther
The research is done in order to analyse management of waste beverage containers in Belarus and the effectiveness of policies implemented to address it. The analysis is followed by exploring whether the introduction of deposit-refund system (DRS) would help to address packaging waste issue in Belarus and, if so, what features the DRS should possess to be effective in current context. The study des
Background: Overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment are important side effects of screening for, and early detection of, prostate cancer (PCa). Active surveillance (AS) is of growing interest as an alternative to radical treatment of low-risk PCa. Objective: To update our experience in the largest worldwide prospective AS cohort. Design, setting, and participants: Eligible patients had clinical
