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This paper reports a measurement of the W+b-jets (W+b+X and W+b (b) over bar +X) production cross-section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC. These results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb(-1), collected with the ATLAS detector. Cross-sections are presented as a function of jet multiplicity and of the transverse momentum
When sexually selected traits diverge because of different local selective environments, premating isolation might arise as a correlated response. However, sexually selected traits might also diverge by stochastic forces. Here, we show that odour-based mate preferences and scent composition have diverged between islet- and mainland populations of Skyros wall lizard, Podarcis gaigeae. We quantified
Directive 2003/54/EC of the European Commission set the ground for an integrated and liberalized electricity market in Europe. According to the law of one price the possibility for perfect arbitrage and the absence of trade restrictions lead to homogeneous goods being priced uniformly across countries. The aim of this study is to test whether the law of one price is applicable to the electricity m
Volatile conflicts, poverty and suppression of basic human rights stemming from one's political or religious affiliations, gender and race, are some of the various reasons why thousands flee home in the hopes of finding some kind of security. As the world observes the appalling deterioration of conflicts in Western Sudan, Iraq and Haiti, we simultaneously observe neighbouring or developed coun
Denna uppsats syftar till att fastställa hur införandet av Enhetliga Patent och den Europeiska- och EU-patentdomstolen kommer att påverka läkemedelsindustrins val av patentansökningsförfarande när de ansöker om patent i Europa i framtiden. För att fastställa de förväntade effekterna av Enhetliga Patent på branschen har intervjuer med ett urval personer inom forskning- och utvecklingsföretag och enThis thesis aims to establish how the introduction of the Unitary Patent and the European and European Union Patent Court will affect the pharmaceutical industry’s choice of patent application route when applying for patents in Europe in the future. To establish the expected effect of the Unitary Patent on the industry interviews with a selection of professionals in the research and development in
The ability of rabbit deep flexor tendons to restore the gliding surface and to heal, without the normal contribution of the superficial epitenon layer of the tendons, was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. The epitenon layer was carefully removed, from defined segments of the tendons. The remaining central tendon tissue was divided, sutured and placed in diffusion chambers subcuta
A search for four-top-quark production, tttt, is presented. It is based on proton-proton collision data with a center-of-mass energy s=13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider during the years 2015 and 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb-1. Data are analyzed in both the single-lepton and opposite-sign dilepton channels, characterized by the presenc
Sedan det europeiska projektets tidiga dagar har de underliggande ekonomiska motiven för integrationen konfronterats med allmänna intressen såsom oro för miljön. Denna spänning har varit påtaglig, i synnerhet förhållandet mellan nationella åtgärder som syftar till att skydda miljön och allmänna bestämmelser som reglerar EU:s inre marknad. Med tiden har miljöskydd och hållbar utveckling blivit inteSince the early days of the European project the economic rationale of integration has been confronted by public interests such as concerns for the environment. This tension has been tangible particularly in the relationship between national measures aimed at protecting the environment and the general rules governing the internal market. Over time environmental protection and sustainability have b
As a transition economy, China faces the reality of shortage of innovation resources and unbalanced allocation of innovation resources among regions when operating innovation activities. In order to solve these two problems, China needs to make efforts in increasing innovation efficiency and narrowing disparities between eastern regions and other regions. Among them, central regions are the area t
Objective To evaluate current evidence on the efficacy and safety of topical and systemic medications in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (SjS) to inform European League Against Rheumatism treatment recommendations. Methods The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for case-control/prospective cohort studies, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews. Results
A measurement is presented of the inclusive cross-section for b-jet production in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 7 TeV. The analysis uses the data sample collected by the ATLAS experiment in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 36 pb(-1). The event selection requires a Z boson decaying into high P-T electrons or muons,
This Letter reports on a first measurement of the inclusive W + jets cross section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC, with the ATLAS detector. Cross sections, in both the electron and muon decay modes of the W-boson, are presented as a function of jet multiplicity and of the transverse momentum of the leading and next-to-leading jets in the event. Measureme
Experimental nuclear structure data coming from superheavy nuclei synthesis experiments often consists of correlated alpha decay chains. In the absence of neutron detectors - which would fully characterize the exit channel after the fusion-evaporation reaction - the sequence of decay energies and half-lives are the 'fingerprint' of the exit channel itself. Experimental data in this region
This study makes a numeric and visual comparison of two different multibeam echo sounding (MBES) surveys performed at the exact same location, in an effort to establish how reliable and comparable the vertical depth measurements are. The horizontal position uncertainty is not issued in this study. The analysis was performed on data delivered by two survey contractors, The Norwegian Coastal Admini
The case study in focus for this research is the Women’s Strike in Poland movement during its articulation in late 2020. This movement was organized to campaign for reproductive rights and women’s rights in Poland after a restrictive abortion law was proposed in 2016, put into motion in 2020, and passed in 2021. This is an example of a contemporary movement supporting body autonomy and gender equa
The substantial growth of private health insurance in 21st century Sweden has sparked debates about its potential effect on waiting times within the public health care system. Some argue that individuals with private health insurance are prioritized in the waiting list for health care, potentially leading to longer waiting times for those without private coverage. Conversely, others argue that pri
The Black Forest National Park (NP), Germany, opened in 2014 after intense societal disputes, complicated by changing political factors, scientific conservation debates, and multi-level decision-making structures. I argue that value conflicts over fundamentally opposed views on nature underlie these disputes, and that integrating these views in future NP planning may improve the sustainability of
Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in the world. It is the only nutrient deficiency that is not exclusively prevalent in non-industrialized nations but also in all industrialized countries. Despite this, the treatment for the disease is inefficient, long and associated with side effects such as constipation and nausea. In recent years several studies have highlighted the diffe
