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The dynamics of ethanol production/consumption in baker's yeast were studied under feed- rate controlled conditions. The yeast was grown on molasses in an 8-l fed-batch reactor and experiments were done at cell concentrations between 5 and 65 g l−1. Small changes in the feed rate were made around a feed rate corresponding to the critical growth rate, at which the yeast cell metabolism switches bet
BACKGROUND: Circulating prostate cells can be detected with a reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA. We have developed a new quantitative RT-PCR method for measuring PSA mRNA. METHODS: The method uses a PSA-like internal standard (IS) mRNA that is added into the sample at the beginning of the RNA extraction and coamplified by RT-PCR with the PSA in the s
The acoustic field in an annular gas turbine combustion chamber with thirty burners has been studied using a hybrid approach. The acoustic field was determined by solving an inhomogeneous wave equation. The acoustic sources were provided by a low Mach number flow solver. The main focus was to determine the influence of nonuniform behavior and interactions of neighboring burners. For this reason th
Ectomycorrhiza (EM) is a symbiosis between soil living fungi and the roots of woody plants. EM fungal communities are important in forest nutrient cycling, they are species rich and their structures vary between habitats and over time. An EM community in a phosphorus-poor forest was exposed to apatite and EM mycelia actively colonizing ingrowth bags were analyzed. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS)
This paper is concerned with two approaches to designing spaces for knowledge work. The central concern of the first approach is with the use of fictional descriptions of the workplace, in order to stimulate creative thought about new workspaces. The second approach draws on the emerging potential of three dimensional virtual reality as a tool to develop shared visions and to stimulate creativity.
Design science research involves creating and evaluating innovative methods and approaches to be used in design practice. We present an approach to be used in the process of designing Management Support Systems (MSS). The nature of managerial work makes the design, development, and implementation of MSS a major challenge. The MSS literature suggests that determining MSS requirements and specificat
In the drying section of a paper machine, steam heated cylinders are used to control the moisture of the produced paper. In previous work it has been shown that the dynamics from the steam valve to the steam pressure in the cylinder can be described by a linear second order black box process model. In this paper an equivalent model based on first principles is presented. The foundation of this mod
Considerable time is often spent optimizing antennas to meet specific design metrics. Rarely, however, are the resulting antenna designs compared to rigorous physical bounds on those metrics. Here, we study the performance of optimized planar meander line antennas with respect to such bounds. Results show that these simple structures meet the lower bound on the radiation quality factor (Q-factor)
