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After more than a century of colonial subjugation by the United States, Puerto Rico’s stunted development model has finally collapsed. As a result, the island is currently facing one of the worst economic crises in its history. Despite the United States’ continued affirmation of its political dominance over Puerto Rico, it has largely placed the blame for the crisis on Puerto Ricans themselves, ac
The world is slowly moving towards a more environmentally friendly mindset and many companies, such as Tetra Pak® have followed this lead by producing more environmentally friendly products and developing better materials with less environmental impact. To accommodate these requirements, it is important that the package is recyclable. For a carton this is defined by the repulpability, i.e., the ab
Osteoporosis is a bone disease that is defined as low bone mineral density (BMD) and results in an increased risk of bone fracture. It is a serious public health problem that causes excess mortality and major economical and social impact. Today there are more than 8.9 million fractures connected to low bone mineral density worldwide. Hip fractures are of particular concern since they are associate
In 2015 the EU introduced Directive 2015/720 on the reduction of the consumption of lightweight plastic carrier bags creating the first transnational agreement on plastic bag issue in the world. This Directive sets the scope within which Member States will design their own policies in order to reach a significant reduction in the plastic bag consumption over the following years. Greece is one of t
With the evolution of cartography from hand-drawn to digital maps, the task of icon placement has become increasingly complex. Nowadays there is a need to automate this process to produce high quality results in less time. This study aimed to optimize icon placement on city wayfinding maps, addressing challenges of placing icons in high-density areas and maintaining a strong association between ic
I denna kandidatuppsats undersöks rättsläget i Sverige gällande surrogatmoderskap med det huvudsakliga syftet att granska hur surrogatarrangemangets centralt berörda intressen återspeglas i befintlig lagstiftning och SOU 2016:11. Surrogatmoderskap är en form av assisterad befruktning och innebär att en kvinna genomgår graviditet och förlossning med avsikten att sedan lämna ifrån sig barnet. I svThis bachelor thesis examines the legal situation regarding surrogacy in Sweden, with the main purpose to review how the key interests of a surrogacy arrangement are reflected in current legislation and the public investigation SOU 2016:11. Surrogacy is a form of assisted fertilization and means that a woman goes through pregnancy and childbirth with the intention to hand over the child. Swedish
Ett av livets största beslut är beslutet om föräldraskap. Det är dessutom ett beslut som i slutändan görs av modern, eftersom det är hon som tar beslutet om abort. Härigenom uppstår en situation som inte är jämställd, vilket har orsakat en viss debatt den senaste tiden. Debatten gäller huruvida det bör finnas en rätt för fadern att göra en så kallad juridisk abort, alltså en möjlighet att avsäga sThe choice to become a parent is not an easy one to make, moreover it is today a choice more likely to be made by the mother. She has the opportunity of abortion, whereas the father can’t affect his becoming a parent after the moment of conception. This constitutes a situation of inequality between the sexes, which this year has caused a debate to arise in social media as well as in news papers. I
Introduction: This study is focused on the development and comparison of different extraction methods for vitamin D (VD) analysis in liver samples. Background: VD deficiency is related to several diseases, so it is crucial to correctly detect and quantify its concentration in the human body. Despite the existing methodologies for VD analysis, the selectivity and the sensitivity of the methods for
Lipases are the main fat digestive enzymes present in the digestive system of many animals, microorganisms and plants. Probiotic microorganisms that can possibly produce enzymes are of crucial importance since it can have an effect on human health. Two of the main probiotic strains are Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Biffidobacterium longum, in each there was a putative lipase encoded on the DNA and t
The current control strategy in the degassing system in a Gambro AK200S dialysis machine leads to a rather noisy flow upstream in the machine. This is where different concentrates are added to the dialysis fluid and as the control of this adding is rather slow the unsteady flow leads to an unsteady conductivity of the dialysis fluid, which makes it difficult to evaluate the effect of the dialysis
Departure deviations from shunting yards impact the reliability of rail freight services and the punctuality of a railway network. Therefore, the statistical analysis of these deviations are necessary for improving the operation of trains in mixed-traffic networks. In our paper, we conduct a detailed statistical analysis of departure deviations considering individual shunting yards characteristics
Vegetation phenology obtained from time series of remote sensing data is relevant for a range of ecological applications. The freely available Sentinel-2 imagery at a 10 m spatial resolution with a ~ 5-day repeat cycle provides an opportunity to map vegetation phenology at an unprecedented fine spatial scale. To facilitate the production of a Europe-wide Copernicus Land Monitoring Sentinel-2 based
We have estimated free energies for the binding of eight carboxylate ligands to two variants of the octa-acid deep-cavity host in the SAMPL6 blind-test challenge (with or without endo methyl groups on the four upper-rim benzoate groups, OAM and OAH, respectively). We employed free-energy perturbation (FEP) for relative binding energies at the molecular mechanics (MM) and the combined quantum mecha
Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is essential for predicting aquatic carbon fluxes and managing water quality in boreal catchments. Traditional DOC modelling approaches are limited in their ability to represent seasonal dynamics, event-driven responses, and riparian-zone contributions. Here, we evaluate the performance of the Krycklan-HYPE model in simula
The late Neoarchaean Qorqut Granite Complex is the youngest large igneous intrusion in the Nuuk region in southern West Greenland, where basement is primarily of Eoarchaean and Mesoarchaean age with a tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) composition. The Qorqut granite is generally undeformed and it intruded during a prolonged period, starting at ca. 2730 Ma, characterised by crustal reworking
With the exponential growth of the World Wide Web, automated subject classification of Web pages has become a major research issue in information and computer sciences. Organizing Web pages into a hierarchical structure for subject browsing is gaining more recognition as an important tool in information-seeking processes. In this thesis, different automated classification approaches, focusing on
Background: Tibial osteotomy is a treatment for younger and/or physically active patients suffering from uni-compartmental knee osteoarthritis. The open wedge osteotomy by the hemicallotasis technique includes the use of external fixation. The use of external fixation has several advantages, as early mobilization and the opportunity for optimal correction. However, the hemicallotasis technique has
This thesis deals mainly with biocatalysed methods for stereoselective reduction. D-(S)-chlorolactic acid was produced by both microbial and electromicrobial reduction of chloropyruvate using whole cells of Proteus vulgaris and an artificial electron mediator. The electron donor was formate, hydrogen gas or the cathode in an electrochemical cell. Since chloropyruvate was susceptible to mediator de
Background: In a microarray experiment the difference in expression between genes on the same slide is up to 103 fold or more. At low expression, even a small error in the estimate will have great influence on the final test and reference ratios. In addition to the true spot intensity the scanned signal consists of different kinds of noise referred to as background. In order to assess the true spo
Stratification of women according to their risk of breast cancer based on polygenic risk scores (PRSs) could improve screening and prevention strategies. Our aim was to develop PRSs, optimized for prediction of estrogen receptor (ER)-specific disease, from the largest available genome-wide association dataset and to empirically validate the PRSs in prospective studies. The development dataset comp
