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The effect of changing climatic conditions on wild populations has been the subject of much recent research. Most attention has been on the direct effects of climate changes on species of lower trophic levels and on the negative consequences of climate change. However, a deeper understanding of how climate change affects apex predators is vital, as they are keystone species that have a disproporti
Abstract. Purpose: To compare the performance of two machine learning classifiers (MLCs), artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SVMs), with input based on retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) measurements by optical coherence tomography (OCT), on the diagnosis of glaucoma, and to assess the effects of different input parameters. Methods: We analysed Stratus OCT data
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze three models of how patient-reported outcome measures can be connected to clinical outcome measures in cataract surgery to identify opportunities for improvement of quality of care. METHODS: Three models were used to analyze the following questions: Is there a relationship between clinical parameters and patient-reported outcomes? (1) Is there a re
Abstract in UndeterminedBone consists of an organic and an inorganic matrix. During development, bone undergoes changes in its composition and structure. In this study we apply three different cluster analysis algorithms [K-means (KM), fuzzy C-means (FCM) and hierarchical clustering (HCA)], and discriminant analysis (DA) on infrared spectroscopic data from developing cortical bone with the aim of
This longitudinal study used a multi-disciplinary approach and examined the relationship between psychosocial and health characteristics and the pattern of informal and formal support for non-institutionalized very old people. The data were derived from a single cohort of 80-year-old people living in Lund, Sweden who were followed over a 3-year period. In order to account for potential sample bias
OBJECTIVE: To compare ambulatory blood pressure recorded during a work day with a leisure day regarding masked hypertension. DESIGN: A randomized crossover study in middle-aged normotensives. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-seven untreated middle-aged normotensives (17 women), who had repeated office blood pressure less than 140/90 mmHg. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Individual difference of masked hypertension betw
The SM2RAIN (soil moisture to rain) model has been widely used for rainfall estimation worldwide. However, due to the lack of sufficient ground observation, the SM2RAIN model driven by different passive microwave soil moisture products over the Tibetan Plateau has not been fully validated. In this article, four widely used satellite microwave soil moisture products (including SMAP, ASCAT, SMOS, an
Research Question/Issue: This is a study of the relationship between business group ownership and constituent firms' adoption of Anglo-American shareholder value governance in African firms at the undertaking of an initial public offering (IPO). Research Findings/Insights: We find business group ownership to be associated with lower Anglo-American corporate governance adoption by constituent firms
Background Among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD), is their genetic liability and its specificity moderated by substance availability? Methods Offspring (born 1960-1995) and their biological parents from three family types [not-lived-with (NLW) biological father, mother and adoptive] and their AUD and DUD diagnoses were ascertained from Swedish national regis
Background: Fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy plays an important role in determining the outcome of ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Two main methods are being used for the evaluation of fibrosis: voltage-based high-density (HD) electroanatomical mapping (EAM) and late gadolinium enhancement MRI (LGE-MRI). The comparability between both methods in detecting fibrosis has not been sy
BACKGROUND: Polygenic risk score (PRS), calculated based on genome-wide association studies (GWASs), can improve breast cancer (BC) risk assessment. To date, most BC GWASs have been performed in individuals of European (EUR) ancestry, and the generalisation of EUR-based PRS to other populations is a major challenge. In this study, we examined the performance of EUR-based BC PRS models in Ashkenazi
Solar shading devices can significantly reduce cooling loads, improve thermal comfort and reduce potential glare problems in commercial buildings. However, measured data or tools to facilitate a comparison among various shading devices have previously not been available to designers. The Solar Shading Project at Lund University was initiated in 1997 to increase the knowledge on shading devices. Th
Biological nutrient removal processes for municipal wastewaters have received quite some attention during the past decades, especially due to the introduction of stricter legislation with respect to allowable effluent pollutant discharge limits. The necessity for performance improvement of existing activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (ASWWTPs) has created a need for detailed process model
AIM: To prospectively validate two mathematical models for calculating the likelihood of endometrial malignancy in patients with postmenopausal bleeding (PMPB), sonographic endometrial thickness (ET) ≥4.5 mm and no fluid in the uterine cavity.METHODS: This is a prospective observational diagnostic validation study performed in a PMPB clinic in a university hospital. Of 860 consecutive patients, 35
BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is a serious global public health problem directly correlated to high antibiotic consumption. Romania is one of the European countries with the highest rates of antibiotic consumption, non-prescription antibiotics use and resistance of several pathogens to antibiotics. Pharmacists are an important stakeholder in respect to antibiotic management and context specifi
Dominant policy approaches have failed to generate action at anywhere near the rate, scale or depth needed to avert climate change and environmental disaster. In particular, they fail to address the need for a fundamental cultural transformation, which involves a collective shift in mindsets (values, beliefs, worldviews and associated inner human capacities). Whilst scholars and practitioners are
