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Objective: Cancer and its treatment in childhood and young adulthood can cause hypogonadism, leading to increased risk of long-term morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of presenting with biochemical signs of hypogonadism in testicular cancer survivors (TCS) and male childhood cancer survivors (CCS) in relation to the type of treatment given. Design: Case-control
Rapid and accurate drug susceptibility testing (DST) is essential for the treatment of multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB). We compared the utility of genotypic DST assays with phenotypic DST (pDST) using Bactec 960 MGIT or Löwenstein-Jensen to construct M/XDR-TB treatment regimens for a cohort of 25 consecutive M/XDR-TB patients and 15 possible anti-TB drugs. Genotypic D
Background: Currently, it is well known that the sound environment in intensive care units (ICU) is substandard. Therefore, there is a need of interventions investigating possible improvements. Unfortunately, there are many challenges to consider in the design and performance of clinical intervention studies including sound measurements and clinical outcomes. Objectives: (1) explore whether it is
Plastics are widely used in todays society leading to an accelerating amount of plastic waste entering natural ecosystems. Over time these waste products degrade to micro- and, eventually, nanoplastic particles. Therefore, the break-down of plastics may become a critical threat to aquatic ecosystems and several short term studies have demonstrated acute toxicity of nanoplastics on aquatic organism
Popular Abstract in Swedish Den forskning som presenteras här bygger på studier av ett antal beståndsdelar i bindväv vars funktioner är i stort sett helt okända. Bindväv finns i många strukturer i människokroppen; brosk, senor, skelett, blodkärlens väggar, hud, stödjevävnad runt olika organ etc. Karakteristiskt för bindväv är att cellerna sitter glest, omgivna av ett heterogent material som kallas
The marketing and consumption of green products has grown significantly in recent years. As mediators between producers and consumers, retailing sites play an important role for the distribution of green products. It is through stores and other retail sites that green products are marketed and made available to consumers. But how does retailing work to circulate green products? How are green produ
A straightforward gradient expansion of the exchange energy of a perturbed electron gas is performed. Studied perturbations range from very weak to those that produce, e.g., a silicon-like band structure with a band gap. The expansions involve density gradients up to fourth degree and we include all terms originating in linear- and second-order response theory. The expansion reproduces exactly cal
It is considered self-evident that chemical interactions are a component of competition in terrestrial systems, but they are largely unknown in aquatic systems. In this review, we propose that chemical interactions, specifically allelopathy, are an important part of phytoplankton competition. Allelopathy, as defined here, applies only to the inhibitory effects of secondary metabolites produced by
Popular Abstract in Swedish Deformerbara speglar som används i teleskop är förhållandevis små med en diameter på 10-30 cm, med undantag av ett fåtal. Den största deformerbara spegeln som är integrerad i ett teleskop idag, har en diameter på 911 mm och återfinns i Large Binocular Telescope. I designen för E-ELT har en deformerbar spegel med en diameter på dryga 2 m inkluderats och GMT har ett antalIt is attractive to integrate a large deformable mirror for adaptive optics into an astronomical telescope rather than using relay optics within an auxiliary instrument. However, the resulting large deformable mirror can be expensive, particularly for extremely large telescopes. We have pursued a low-cost approach using force actuators connected to the back of the deformable mirror through suction
This report summarizes findings and recommendations from 24 case studies from seven participating countries addressing performance indicator benchmarking at a sectoral, national or international scale. Their distribution in scope is: – benchmarking systems and indicators (4 case studies) – offices (7 case studies) – housing (6 case studies) – school and nursery (4 case studies) – shopping centres
Molecular imprinting, method for creating artificial receptors that are mimics of biological antibodies and receptors, is based on the concept of creating substrate-specific recognition sites in polymeric matrices by means of template polymerisation. The polymeric receptors produced display favourable binding characteristics, such as high affinity and specificity towards the substrate molecules. C
Technology scaling has caused Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) to emerge as a major circuit reliability concern. Simultaneously leakage power is becoming a greater fraction of the total power dissipated by logic circuits. As both NBTI and leakage power are highly dependent on vectors applied at the circuit’s inputs, they can be minimized by applying carefully chosen input vectors durin
This thesis describes tetrapyrrole synthesis in the aerobic Gram positive bacterium Bacillus sub-tilis. Tetrapyrroles such as heme of a-, b-, c-, d- and o-type can be synthesised in this organism. In addition, there is strong evidence for the presence of the tetrapyrrole siroheme in B. subtilis. Heme b (protoheme IX) and siroheme are synthesised in ten and nine enzymatic steps, respectively, from
Popular Abstract in Swedish Studien handlar om fysiologen Frithiof Holmgrens försök att fastställa seendets natur på experimentell väg. Avsikten är att problematisera Holmgrens intresse för synsinnet mot bakgrund av de metoder och vetenskapliga ideal som var förhärskande inom den experimentella fysiologin, det ämne som Holmgren introducerade i Sverige 1862. Generellt kan man säga att Holmgrens forThis study deals with research on the visual organ as pursued in experimental physiology during the latter half of the nineteenth-century. In the 1850's och 60's experimental physiology developed as a new, scientific discipline within the curriculum of western medicine. By opposing the natural philosophical and vitalistic viewpoint of romantic medicine and by proclaiming measuring devices, animal
Popular Abstract in Swedish Det finns en föreställning att kvinnor tills nyligen varit åsidosatta inom historieforskningen, något som hävdats bland annat inom kvinno- och genderteoretisk forskning. Mot bakgrund av en genomgång av svenska avhandlingar i historia argumenterar jag för att utvecklingen måste ses i ljuset av historieforskningens utveckling. Det finns en relation mellan vilka fenomen foI am studying the portrayal of women in Swedish dissertations of history from 1890 to 1995. Inspired by Pierre Bourdieu I interpret the production of knowledge as an effect of the rivalry between researchers concerning the dominate positions within the field of history. One strategy in order to reach these positions is to focus on phenomena that previous research has not paid attention to. To show
Public transport plays a major role in sustainable development of urban areas. However, transportation and infrastructure have to be efficient and in line with the wishes and demand of passengers. Local people have knowledge and experiences of the quality of services they want. When locals are involved, they include grass-root knowledge about ecology, environment, local livelihood problems and res
