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Capsaicin is used to investigate the role of peripheral sensory nerve fibers. In previous studies of rats treated by injection of capsaicin into the skin of the neck, 'spontaneous' lesions in the head and neck region were observed. In this study, the course of development over time, the regional distribution and the innervation of capsaicin-induced dermal lesions were assessed in young male Spragu
The effect of varying the fraction of charged monomer units of the polyion in aqueous polyion-oppositely charged surfactant complex salts has been investigated. The complex salts used were based on cetyltrimethylammonium (C(16)TA(+)) with three different polymeric counterions: poly(acrylate) (PA(-)) or poly(acrylate) copolymerized with either dimethylacrylamide (PA(-)/DAM) or N-isopropylamide (PA(
A large amount of scientific work has been carried out to enhance the methods used for design and control of technical systems. For many of these systems, the main objective is to utilize the limited resources in an optimal way. Different simulation techniques have, in many cases, been successfully applied to the analysis. When working with technical systems, it is important to have a common notat
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vill man ta en bild av något som rör sig mycket snabbt, krävs det att man använder en kort exponeringstid. Om kamerans slutare är öppen under för lång tid, hinner det man vill fotografera röra sig under tiden filmen exponeras, med resultatet att bilden blir suddig. Kemiska reaktioner där atomer och molekyler är inblandade är exempel på något som sker på väldigt kort tidWhen a low-frequency laser pulse is focused to a high intensity in a gas, the electric field of the laser may become comparable to, or even exceed, the electric field between the electrons and the nucleus in the atom. Under such conditions, through a process known as high-order harmonic generation, bursts of extreme ultraviolet radiation may be emitted, with durations in the attosecond domain (1 a
Paper A investigates how to simulate a differentiated mean in cases where interchanging differentiation and expectation is not allowed. Three approaches are available, finite differences (FD's), infinitesimal perturbation analysis (IPA) and the likelihood ratio score function (LRSF) method. We study FD's under discontinuities and show that the optimal decay rate of the mean square error is typical
This work reports the morphology of two-phase latex particles prepared by semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of polar poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, seed particles, using different conditions of non-polar styrene feed rate, rate of initiation, seed particle concentration and temperature of polymerization. The expected latex particle morphology at thermodynami
SUMMARY: When Efexor(R) (venlafaxine) became available in Sweden, a therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) service was developed in the authors' laboratory. This analytical service was available to all physicians in the country. From March 1996, to November 1997, 797 serum concentration analyses of venlafaxine (VEN) and its main metabolites, O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV), N-desmethylvenlafaxine (NDV), a
BACKGROUND: The objective of lung transplantation (LTx) is to prolong life, but the survival benefit for patients with severe α(1)-anti-trypsin deficiency (PiZZ) and emphysema is still unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether PiZZ patients who have undergone lung transplantation (the lung transplant group, TxG) do better than patients who have continued on the usual medical therapy (th
A Task Group within the ICRP Committees 2 and 3 is continuously working to improve absorbed dose estimates to patients investigated with radiopharmaceuticals. The work deals with reviews of the literature, initiation of new or complementary studies of the biokinetics of a compound and dose estimates. Absorbed dose calculations for organs and tissues have up to now been carried out using the MIRD f
Intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase (alk-SMase) generates ceramide and inactivates platelet-activating factor (PAF) and is previously suggested to have anticancer properties. The direct evidence is still lacking. We studied colonic tumorigenesis in alk-SMase knockout (KO) mice. Formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) was examined after azoxymethane (AOM) injection. Tumor was induced by AOM alone,
Objective: To describe criminal recidivism, especially violent recidivism, in a long-term follow-up of mentally disordered offenders sentenced to different types of sanctions. Subjects and methods: A population-based Swedish cohort of male offenders referred to pre-trial psychiatric investigations between 1988 and 1995, was sentenced to forensic psychiatric treatment (n = 163), prison (n = 120), o
Identifying the genes that underlie phenotypic variation in natural populations, and assessing the consequences of polymorphisms at these loci for individual fitness are major objectives in evolutionary biology. Yet, with the exception of a few success stories, little progress has been made, and our understanding of the link between genotype and phenotype is still in its infancy. For example, alth
Smoking is associated with postmenopausal bone loss and fracture, but the effect of smoking on bone in younger women is unclear. Peak bone mass is an important determinant for fracture risk; therefore, our aim was to evaluate the association between smoking and bone mass in 25-year-old women, specifically the influence of daily cigarette consumption and total exposure, duration, age at starting sm
Background Optimum surgical resection margins for patients with clinical stage IIA-C cutaneous melanoma thicker than 2 mm are controversial. The aim of the study was to test whether survival was different for a wide local excision margin of 2 cm compared with a 4-cm excision margin. Methods We undertook a randomised controlled trial in nine European centres. Patients with cutaneous melanoma thicke
Orbiliomycetes is one of the earliest diverging branches of the filamentous ascomycetes. The class contains nematode-trapping fungi that form unique infection structures, called traps, to capture and kill free-living nematodes. The traps have evolved differently along several lineages and include adhesive traps (knobs, nets or branches) and constricting rings. We show, by genome sequencing of the
Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical use of [F-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in addition to conventional preoperative radiological investigations in a defined group of patients with high-risk muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Materials and methods. In total, 103 patients with high-risk muscle-invasive bladder cancer defi
The X chromosome (chrX) represents one potential source for the "missing heritability" for complex phenotypes, which thus far has remained underanalyzed in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here we demonstrate the benefits of including chrX in GWAS by assessing the contribution of 404,862 chrX SNPs to levels of twelve commonly studied cardiometabolic and anthropometric traits in 19,697 Finni
