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Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are considered to be associated with different degrees of progressive beta cell damage. However, few long-term studies have been made. Our aim was to study the clinical course of 20 years of diabetes disease, including diabetes progression, comorbidity, and mortality in a prospectively studied cohort of consecutively diagnosed diabetic patients. Among all 233 patien
The formation of planetary cores must proceed rapidly in order for the giant planets to accrete their gaseous envelopes before the dissipation of the protoplanetary gas disc (less than or similar to 3 Myr). In orbits beyond 10 AU, direct accumulation of planetesimals by the cores is too slow. Fragments of planetesimals could be accreted faster, but planetesimals are likely too large for fragmentat
The analysis of annual extremes of hydrological and meteorological variables is frequently complicated by the presence of gaps in record, and when records are not only fragmented but also short, it is necessary to utilize to the full the information contained in them. One method is to abstract for statistical analysis all extreme events whose peaks exceed a pre-selected threshold value, but the th
Context. The first release of astrometric data from Gaia is expected in 2016. It will contain the mean stellar positions and magnitudes from the first year of observations. For more than 100 000 stars in common with the HIPPARCOS Catalogue it will be possible to compute very accurate proper motions due to the time difference of about 24 years between the two missions. This Hundred Thousand Proper
Context and Objective: Intraportal islet transplantation can restore insulin production in type 1 diabetes patients, but its effect is subject to several interfering processes. To assess the influence of beta-cell loss before and during engraftment, we searched for a real-time marker of beta-cell destruction. Previous studies showed that 65-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) is dischar
Background and purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of gantry angle optimisation (GAO) compared to equidistant beam geometry for two inverse treatment planning systems (TPSs) by utilising the information obtained from a range of treatment plans. Material and methods. The comparison was based on treatment plans generated for four different head and neck (H&N) cance
Background: The data concerning the effects and safety of androgen in human breast tissue are conflicting. Objective: Our aim was to analyze the effects of androgens on normal human breast tissue (HBT). Approach: We cultured explants of HBT (obtained from reduction mammoplasty operations of postmenopausal women) with or without testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or in combination
Background: Myeloid cells have been associated with physiological and pathological angiogenesis, but their exact functions in these processes remain poorly defined. Monocyte-derived tissue macrophages of the CNS, or microglial cells, invade the mammalian retina before it becomes vascularized. Recent studies correlate the presence of microglia in the developing CNS with vascular network formation,
Objective: Pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO) is an important cause of late mortality in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). We aimed to describe current practices for the management of postoperative PVO and the efficacy of the different interventional procedures. Methods: We conducted a retrospective international collaborative population-based study involving 19 pediatric cardia
Land-use change is a major driver of the global loss of biodiversity, but it is unclear to what extent this also results in a loss of ecological traits. Therefore, a better understanding of how land-use change affects ecological traits is crucial for efforts to sustain functional diversity. To this end we tested whether higher species richness or taxonomic distinctness generally leads to increased
Background: Exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) has been linked to decline in pulmonary function and cardiovascular events possibly through inflammation. Little is known about individual exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) inside and outside modern homes and associated health-related effects. Methods: Associations between vascular and lung function, inflammation markers and exposure
1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3) had earlier been regarded as the only active hormone. The newly identified actions of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 (25(OH)D-3) and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (24R,25(OH)(2)D-3) broadened the vitamin D-3 endocrine system, however, the current data are fragmented and a systematic understanding is lacking. Here we performed the first systematic study o
Background: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is generally associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Elderly and obese subjects may be particularly susceptible, although short-term effects are poorly described. Methods: Sixty healthy subjects 25 males, 35 females, age 55 to 83 years, body mass index > 25 kg/m(2)) were included in a cross-over study with 5 hours of
At present, there are severe limitations to the successful migration and integration of stem cells transplanted into the degenerated retina to restore visual function. This study investigated the potential role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and microglia in the migration of human Muller glia with neural stem cell characteristics following subretinal injection into the Lister hooded
Background: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B) is the major kinase phosphorylating tau protein. Hyperphosphorylated tau is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite extensive research, the role of GSK3B in AD pathogenesis is not fully understood. Objective: To evaluate possible associations between gene variants of GSK3B and risk of AD. Methods: Twelve GSK3B tag single-nucleot
Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) has a key role in migraine and recently CGRP receptor antagonists have demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of migraine. However, it remains unclear where the CGRP receptors are located within the CGRP signaling pathway in the human trigeminal system and hence the potential antagonist sites of action remain unknown. Therefore we designed a study to
Parental type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of diabetic nephropathy in offspring with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that predispose to type 2 diabetes mellitus have recently been identified. It is, however, not known whether such SNPs also confer susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. We genotyped nine S
Abstract in UndeterminedBackground: Individuals with aphasia often experience difficulties in writing. Word processors with a spell checker and a grammar checker can compensate for some of the writing difficulties associated with aphasia. Aims: To determine if writing difficulties associated with aphasia may be reduced by the use of a computerised writing aid when training patients. Methods Proced
PURPOSE: To study effects of inhibition of glycation, and oxidative stress on the development of cataract and retinal vessel abnormalities in diabetic rats. METHODS: Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats with streptozocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg BW, i.p.). Diabetic as well as strain matched control rats were fed 1) a normal diet, 2) addition of aminoguanidine in the drinking water (0.5 g/l for diabetic
