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Popular Abstract in Swedish Malignt melanom (även kallad melanom) är den farligaste formen av hudcancer. Dess incidens varierar från land till land och är den högsta i Australien, där 46.7 per 100,000 invånare drabbas årligen. I Sverige är melanom den sjätte vanligaste cancersjukdomen. Melanom har blivit allt vanligare under de senaste två decennierna. Om tumören upptäcks på ett tidigt, dvs. lokal“Cutaneous melanoma is a most unpredictable lesion” wrote Alexander Breslow in 1970. He was one of the first to predict outcome in melanoma patients, based on the thickness of the primary tumor, and today this parameter bears his name and remains the main prognostic factor in melanoma. The aim of this thesis has been to contribute to the understanding of melanoma biology in order to make this canc

In today’s society it is hard to achieve scientific certainty on how our actions might affect the environment in the future. This causes problems in legal disputes, as a state must produce evidence of harm in order to stop potentially harmful activities. One way to get around this problem might be an application of the precautionary principle, which is examined in this essay. The basic definition

Nollbeskattningen av gemenskapsinterna förvärv i kombination med uppskjuten betalning av moms har möjliggjort karusellbedrägeri med moms på den EU-interna marknaden. Följaktligen har medlemsstaterna drabbas av utebliven moms som inte redovisas av ”missing traders”, samtidigt som den oskyldige affärspartnern till en ”missing trader” behåller sin rätt att återfå moms, vilket skapar en förlust för stThe zero-rating of intra-Community acquisitions in combination with the deferred payment of VAT has made it possible to employ carousel fraud with VAT on the internal EU market. Not only are the tax authorities in the different Member States losing out on VAT that is not accounted for by missing traders, but the innocent parties in business with the missing traders retain a right to refund VAT, le

ISO 14001:2004 is the most commonly used standard for third-party certification of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) in the world. It is currently undergoing an upgrading process, which will affect all the companies certified to ISO 14001. A first draft has been produced, the Committee Draft 1 (CD1). The thesis has two research questions: What are the most likely changes in the new version

Under de senaste årtionden har företagsformen aktiebolagsrätt varit en mycket populär form att bedriva näringsverksamhet på, detta såväl internationellt som nationellt. Det mest karakteristiska draget för aktiebolag är det begränsande ansvaret. Det begränsade ansvaret innebär att en aktieägare som huvudregel inte riskerar mer en det satsade kapitalet. Den privata förmögenhetsmassan är således skilIn recent decades, the form of limited company has been a very popular way to conduct business on, this both international and national. The most characteristic feature for the limted company is the limited liability. The limited liability means that shareholders as a rule do not risk more than the invested capital. The private furtune is thus seperated from the company's assets. The general r

This paper seeks to provide an analytical framework for designing a more effective law enforcement for the crime of commercial sexual exploitation of children. The author has chosen to focus on a group of children particularly at risk in the society due to the lack of attention, namely accompanied children in the migration process. Out of a total of 1086 asylum seeking accompanied children arriv

I denna uppsats analyserar jag den debatt som har förts i Sverige i frågan om normprövning – dvs. möjligheten att underkänna en norm med hänvisning till att den strider mot ett högre rättsbud – från 1828 till 1980. Jag utgår ifrån att normprövningsdebatten kan indelas i tre olika diskurser, som var och en utgör ett säreget sätt att argumentera i frågan. Jag försöker visa hur de olika diskurserna hIn this essay I analyse the debate concerning judicial review – i.e. the possibility of disregarding a legal norm due to its incompatibility with a higher norm – which has been going on in Sweden between 1828 and 1980. I assume that the debate can be divided into three different discourses, each of which constitutes a distinctive way of arguing the issue. I try to show how the different discourses

Recurring statistics in the media, which describes adolescent mental illness as a growing problem in the Swedish society gave rise to an interest to pursue a research which sought to explore how young people's mental illness is constructed as a social problem. The media appears to be important in the construction of a social problem, as they through claims-making current the putative condition

Den 1 januari 2009 slopades avskattningsregeln för personaloptioner till förmån för en regel anpassad till EU-praxis. Avskattningsregeln reglerade anställda som deltagit i personaloptionsprogram och som flyttat ut ur Sverige innan programmet löpt ut. Avskattningsregeln träffade den del av personaloptionen för vilken kvalifikationstidpunkten infallit under tid då den anställde haft sitt hemvist iOn January the first 2009 the rule of exit taxation for stock-options was abolished in favor of a rule adapted to EU case law. The rule of exit taxation regulated employees who participated in stock option plans and who moved out of Sweden before those plans had expired. The rule of exit taxation was aimed at those stock options for which vesting had occurred during the period when the employee r

This master thesis follows the process of a product design and development project concerning the mechanical design of an ultrasound sensor. The project giver is the global medical technology company Gambro specialized in products for dialysis. The mentioned ultrasound sensor is a level detector from Gambro’s hemodialysis ma-chines, designed to prevent the occurrence of air embolism. Air that for

Four problem areas with FrontPac‟s previous cost estimation system were identified. First, only a few properly skilled employees are actually able to perform cost estimations due to the system‟s user requirements. Second, salespersons cannot estimate the cost for orders by themselves which significantly increases the time to approximate price in the sales process. Third, neither can they perform s

The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of a dense jet discharged into lighter ambient water. This situation can be found for brine water discharged from desalination plants. Desalination plants discharge heavier brine water, generated in the process of manufacturing fresh water, to the receiving water, usually the sea. Future extended use of desalination technologies implies larger

This study is about the link between the economic system and the climate changes and how it affects the society and the politics. Scientific observations has illuminated that as a result of human activity our climate is about to change. The climate threat has exposed the question of limits which means that continued growth is not possible in a world of limited resources. The Western model is about

The mechanism of stabilizing a turbulent premixed methane-air flame using warm filamentary plasma is investigated by using laser diagnostics. First, stabilization of a turbulent jet flame is demonstrated in a setup using a pin-to-pin plasma discharge. The coupled plasma-flame structures were visualized utilizing planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of formaldehyde (CH2O) and methylidyne radica

Background: Salinity is a significant environmental stress factor limiting crops productivity. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has a natural tolerance to salinity stress, making it an interesting study object in stress biology research. In the present study, for the first time the effect of salinity stress on barley inflorescence developmental stages was investigated. Five spring barley genotypes irri

Background and objectives: The aim of our study is to validate the registration of knee arthroplasty revisions in the Lithuanian Arthroplasty Register (LAR) and thus give an indication of the accuracy of the published revision rates. Materials and methods: A total of 4269 primary total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) registered in the LAR between 2013 and 2015 were included. Two years after surgery the

The WORLD6 model is a fully integrated dynamic world systems model. It includes a biophysical global economic model, based on first principles of physics and thermodynamics, forcing it to be fully consistent with the underlying mass- and energy balances. The WORLD6 model first creates value from extraction of natural resources, input of human labour, the efficiency effect of mechanization and auto

Cleaning workers are exposed to many risk factors, including handling of cleaning products. Epidemiological studies show that they have a high incidence of asthma and other respiratory symptoms. Some studies have indicated an even higher incidence of asthma in individuals using cleaning sprays regularly. It is known that sprays produce an aerosol that can expose the respiratory system to chemicals

In humans, the molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian follicle endowment and activation, which are closely related to the control of female reproduction, occurrence of menopause, and related diseases such as premature ovarian failure, are poorly understood. In the current study, we provide several lines of genetic evidence that the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor 1B (commonly known as p27