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Temperate calcareous grasslands are characterized by high levels of species richness at small spatial scales. Nevertheless, many species from a habitat-specific regional species pool may be absent from local communities and represent the dark diversity' of these sites. Here we investigate dry calcareous grasslands in northern Europe to determine what proportion of the habitat-specific species pool
Popular Abstract in Swedish Blodlevring är en samlingsterm för en serie reaktioner som medför att blod omvandlas från vätska till en geléliknande massa. I koagulationsprocessen samverkar de minsta cellerna i blodet, trombocyterna (blodplättarna), med ett stort antal blodproteiner. Koagulationens viktigaste uppgift är att stoppa blödningar som uppkommer vid skador på blodkärlen. Central venkateteBleeding complications range from 0.5 to 1.6% in connection with central venous catheter insertions but are more frequent in patients with bone marrow failure and severe thrombocytopenia. Although supportive evidence is scarce, prophylactic platelet transfusion is sometimes performed in these patients before catheter insertion. Furthermore, the ideal threshold platelet count and timing of transfus
New methodologies based on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) have been developed for the determination of fat-soluble vitamins in processed foods. The results obtained so far indicate that SFE is well suited to extraction of fat-soluble vitamins from food products, although validation work is required to establish accuracy and precision. The vitamins investigated were A, E and beta-carotene, an
The notion of organizations as learning entities has gained considerably in popularity over the last decade, and is now regarded an important issue both theoretically and in practice. Many organizational activities and events have been referred to as learning phenomena, and learning theory is being applied to increasingly varied and complex settings of organizational life. This divergence would su
Objective. The incidence of prostate cancer is rising rapidly in Sweden and there is a need to better understand the pattern of diagnosis, tumor characteristics and treatment. Material and methods. Between 1996 and 2005, all new cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland were intended to be registered in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR). This register contains information on diagnos
Wooded pasture and older forest with dead trees, about 10% of an area of 3000 ha in the central part of the parish of Stenbrohult, was inventoried for wood-living beetles in 1985-2002. In the study areas Carl Linnaeus was born in 1707, and he spent his summers there until 1728. All standard methods for finding wood-beetles were used, including many window traps and 170 wood mould samples. As a new
Objective: To determine the incidence and clinical significance of neutralizing antibody (NAb) formation in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis ( MS) who participated in the European Interferon Beta-1a IM Dose-Comparison Study. Methods. Patients were randomized to treatment with interferon beta-1a (IFN beta-1a) 30 mu g or 60 mu g IM once weekly for up to 4 years. Serum samples obtained at b
Background: The clinical benefit of combining long-acting beta(2)-agonists with inhaled corticosteroids rather than doubling the dose of corticosteroid has been well-documented. However, there are concerns that this might result in a masking of underlying airway inflammation. Objective: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the addition of the long-acting beta(2)-agonist salmeterol
Popular Abstract in Swedish Chefskap och ledarskap hos sjuksköterskor i högre chefsbefattningar inom hälso- och sjukvården. I dagens hälso- och sjukvård har sjuksköterskor i chefsposition en förändrad och utökad roll, bland annat till följd av decentraliserade organisationer och utökade ansvarsområden. Utvecklingen av omvårdnaden kommer till en del att vara beroende av chefernas förmåga och skickThe aim of this thesis was to illuminate the management and leadership of nurse managers within Swedish health care organizations and to recognize influencing factors of importance for the nurse managers in exercising and developing their management. The interviewees were all active in their positions at the time of the interviews. The nurse managers served at top management levels in either execu
Popular Abstract in Swedish De vardagliga ting som omger oss, allt från leksaker till bilar, såväl som den utrustning som används i tillverkningen av dem innehåller ett växande antal inbyggda datorer. Inbyggda system är ofta ansvariga för kritisk funktionalitet, vilket leder till att en mängd tids- och resurskrav måste uppfyllas. Industriell konkurrens och det ständigt växande förhållandet mellan
We report on a dedicated effort to identify and study metal-poor stars strongly enhanced in r-process elements ([r/Fe]>1 dex; hereafter r-IIstars), the Hamburg/ESO R-process Enhanced Star survey (HERES).Moderate-resolution (∼2 Å) follow-up spectroscopy has been obtained for metal-poor giant candidates selected from the Hamburg/ESO objective-prism survey (HES) as well as the HK survey to identify s
Popular Abstract in Swedish I ett ökande antal regioner i världen finns det arbetande barn som organiserar sig utifrån sin identitet som arbetande barn. Jag har studerat tre olika unioner i delstaten Karnataka i Indien, där jag har fokuserat på hur dom själva upplever mobiliseringen och vilka möjligheter de har att förändra sin situation inom existerande normer, traditioner och samhällsstrukturer.
Conservation and land management decisions may be misguided by inaccurate or misinterpreted knowledge of biodiversity. Non-systematists often lack taxonomic expertise necessary for an accurate assessment of biodiversity. Additionally, there are far too few taxonomists to contribute significantly to the task of identifying species for specimens collected in biodiversity studies. While species level
Rainflow cycles are often used in fatigue analysis of materials for describing the variability of applied loads. Therefore, an important characteristic of a random load process is the intensity of rainflow cycles, also called the expected rainflow matrix (RFM), which can be used for evaluation of the fatigue life. In this thesis mainly two problems are addressed: the first is computation of the ex
Background: Within 5 years following radical prostatectomy, between 15 and 60% of patients with pT3 prostate carcinomas show an increasing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a sign of local and/or systemic tumour progression. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for positive margins (RI) aims to reduce residual tumour cells in the prostatic bed, thus possibly reducing the biochemical progression rate. Apart
OBJECTIVES: To test prospectively the diagnostic performance of two logistic regression models for calculation of individual risk of malignancy in adnexal tumors (the 'Tailor model' and the 'Timmerman model'), and to compare them to that of 'pattern recognition' (subjective evaluation of the gray-scale ultrasound image and color Doppler ultrasound examination). DESIGN: Consecutive women with a pel
Background: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) play essential roles in tumor invasion and metastasis. High levels of both uPA and PAT-1 are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. To confirm the prognostic value of uPA and PAI-1 in primary breast cancer, we reanalyzed individual patient data provided by members of the European Organization for Re
Popular Abstract in Swedish Med ett stokastiskt fält (random field) kan man matematiskt modellera en yta vars struktur och variationer i större eller mindre utsträckning kan beskrivas som slumpmässiga. Ett typexempel är havsytan. Det finns vissa ''regler'' för hur den kan se ut, men det exakta utseendet hos en viss våg uppfattas som slumpmässigt. Reglerna omfattar bland annat medelnivån, huIn this thesis the focus is on crossing points in random fields and the probability distributions of various crossing variables in different applications. The crossing points are generalisations to random fields of points of level crossings by stochastic processes. Only crossing events that occur at distinct points in the parameter space are considered, for example stationary points (zero-crossing
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen behandlar olika aspekter av produktivitet och ekonomisk tillväxt i Afrika och består av fyra kapitel. I det första kapitlet utförs en analys av de faktorer som påverkar Afrikas tillväxt på lång sikt. Analysen är baserad på en studie av ett antal Afrikanska länder som genomgått stark ekonomisk tillväxt under längre perioder. Studiens främsta slutsatser är atThe thesis comprises an introductory chapter and four research papers. The introductory chapter provides a brief overview of recent economic growth performance in Africa, places the individual papers into a coherent context, summarizes the main findings, and discusses their relevance for economic policy. The first paper, The Role of Capital Accumulation, Adjustment and Structural Change for Take-
