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The conditions for legality of European Community action raise the essential issue as to the limits of Community competence. It is plain that the Community only holds those powers it has been attributed under the Treaty. However, to delimit those powers has proven to be very difficult. This is problem is widely recognised and will be dealt with at the IGC in 2004. While the Community is founded up
The Community relies upon the Member States to execute their obligations. When they fail to do this, there must be a system of enforcement. The topic of this master thesis deals with the main Community enforcement procedure found in Art 226-228 EC, evaluating its state of effectiveness and its development&semic making suggestions of possible improvements. The Treaty of Maastricht introduced an
En av de mest anmärkningsvärda förändringarna i Europas familjerätts-system är framväxten av rättsverkningar kopplat till samboskap. Denna utveckling har även under det senaste årtiondet följts av en snabb förändring av samhällsattityderna gentemot samkönade par vilket har lett till ökat rättsligt erkännande i många av EU:s medlemsländer. Ett område av EU-rätten som potentiellt skulle kunna påverkOne of the most remarkable changes in European family law systems is the development of new institutions that provide a legal status for unmarried couples. Over the last decade, this change has also been accompanied by a rapid evolution of social attitudes towards same-sex couples that has lead to legal recognition in many Member States of the EU. An area of EU law where such developments could ha
This paper analyses the causes and effects of tenure security in rural China. Using original survey data gathered in Hebei province in the summer of 2009, it begins by assessing the causes of tenure security among China’s rural landholders. It finds that within the sample, possession of a contract and faith in the legal system have the most pronounced effect on determining tenure security. Contrar
Korallrev är “den marina världens regnskogar” och de är ett av världens mest artrika och produktiva ekosystem. Korallreven är av stor betydelse för befolkningen i tropiska havsområden. Varmvattenkoraller utsätts idag för storskaliga nedbrytningar och det största hotet mot deras existens anses vara klimatförändringar. Antropogena utsläpp av koldioxid i atmosfären har inneburit en ökning av jordens Coral reefs are the “rainforests” of the oceans, containing the highest diversity of marine organisms. They are highly productive and of great value for populations in tropical coastal areas. All around the world, warm-water coral reefs have experienced large-scale degradation. The greatest threat to their long-term sustainability is climate change and there is increasing evidence that global clim
The recent events of piracy, especially in the Gulf of Aden raised the concerns of the international community, shipping businesses as well as the marine insurance industries. The drastic increase in piratical incidents and the costs associated with them started a discussion as to the piracy coverage under modern marine insurance policies. Piracy has oscillated through history between being treate
Kemwater is a business unit in Kemira Kemi AB which is owned by the Finnish chemical-corporation Kemira Oy. Kemwater manufactures and sells water treatment chemicals and offers custom made water-treatment-solutions. Kemwaters headquarters and largest production plant (VA) is situated in Helsingborg, Sweden. The production plant has lately been affected by a decrease in customer order volume. This
This master thesis was conducted at Volvo Car Corporation, VCC, in Gothenburg within the Manufacturing Engineering department. It is based on the P11-project (the new model S40) where the process verification has been examined and analyzed. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the reasons behind remaining and new problems at late stages in the development process, as well as possibilities f
Patienter med misstänkt hjärtinfarkt genomgår ofta hjärtscintigrafi för att undersöka den regionala förändringen av blodets passage genom hjärtmuskeln. Orsaken till de sjukliga förändringarna kan antingen vara ischemi (nedsatt blodflöde pga förkalkningar i blodkärl) eller infarkt (celldöd i muskulaturen). För att utföra en hjärtscintigrafiundersökning används ett radioaktivt läkemedel (99Tcm-Sesta"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefit of commercial quantification software in perfusion SPECT imaging by simulating a group of patients and their corresponding SPECT acquisitions using a computer phantom and a Monte Carlo program. Based on decisions from experienced physicians and their visual interpretation of the simulated patient images, without and with addition of the i
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Förekomsten av finkorniga granitgångar är ett potentiellt problem vid lagring av kärnbränsle i berggrunden eftersom de utgör svaghetszoner. Det är därför viktigt att ta reda på hur dessa gångar beter sig i berggrunden. Huvudsyftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka om de finkorniga granitgångarna är kontrollerade av några strukturer i tunneln vid ÄspölaborThe occurrence of fine-grained granite (FGG) dykes is one of the potential problems in the storage of nuclear waste in the bedrock. It is therefore important to locate and characterise such dykes. The major object in this thesis is to investigate, whether the FGG dykes at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (ÄHRL) are structurally controlled. This involves measuring the orientations of the dykes, to cor
This study deals with the development of a subglacial cavity in a province dominated by stoss- and leeside rockridges. In the area of Järnavik, south-central Blekinge, there is a small excavation on the leeside of a bedrock ridge. The lithofacies combinations in this section contains both diamictons and sorted sediments. The diamict units are both massive and stratified. The sorted sediments are m
Sveriges och Europas befolkning blir allt äldre samtidigt som färre föds. Med andra ord ska allt färre yngre människor försörja allt fler äldre. Den 15 december 2008 infördes nya svenska regler för arbetskraftsinvandring från tredjeland. Reformen innebar att det gamla systemet där ansökningar om arbetstillstånd först prövades mot behovet på den inhemska marknaden, den så kallade arbetsmarknadspröv
Nummer 3- 2011 Nytt HSO på Klaraporten Trafikplaneringen — Ny organisation ……..och lite till Nummer Oktober 2015 Kontakt med Sacoföreningen vid SJ AB Mail: Saco-TJ@sj.se Per Hammarqvist tel. 010-751 5343 Olle Östman tel. 010-751 5540 S id a n t v å Sidan 2 Av Per Hammarqvist Det är en hel del att reflektera över inom SJ koncernen för ögonblicket. Jag väljer några områden. Det första är ägarens bes
The aim of this thesis was to expand the knowledge regarding the use and need of assistive devices, in particular mobility devices, and to investigate how, from a European perspective, the use of them changed during the ageing process. An additional aim was to explore the use of mobility devices in everyday life among very old Swedish women during a five-year period. Further, the aim was to contri
Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med de fyra delarbeten som presenteras i denna avhandling var att studera dels utfall av fotsår samt identifiera faktorer relaterade till utfall och dels risken för att utveckla nya sår efter läkning av tidigare sår hos patienter med diabetes, fotsår och uttalad perifer kärlsjukdom. Patienter med diabetes och fotsår med ett systoliskt tåtryck <45 mmHg eller ett aThe aim of the studies presented in this thesis was to study patients with diabetes and severe peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in regard to outcomes of foot ulcers, factors related to outcomes, and occurrences of new ulcerations and amputations following healing of the initial ulcer. Patients with diabetes and a foot ulcer, consecutively presenting at a multidisciplinary foot centre, with a sys
Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules are present on the cell surface of all nucleated cells. They bind intracellular peptides and present them to the immune system thus providing a readout to cytotoxic T-cells about the status of a cell. Maturation of the HLA-I molecule includes peptide binding in the endoplasmic reticulum with the assistance of several other proteins collectively cal
Background: Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (FF/VI) is a novel once-daily (OD) inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta(2) agonist combination in development for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Trial design: A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. Methods: Participants were patients with moderate-to-severe COPD treated with placebo
L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are expressed in the plasma membrane of muscles, neurons and endocrine cells where they serve as conductors of signals regulating cellular responses to changes in environment. Malfunctions of channels, as well as deregulations of their activity underlie numerous disorders and diseases commonly called channelopathies. In β-cells Ca2+ channels are central players f
Introduction: Elderly patients often use many drugs, increasing the risk for drug-related problems. Aim: To optimise drug therapy in the elderly by identifying, resolving and preventing drug-related problems. Methods: (Paper I) Medication reviews were conducted on nursing home patients’ with epilepsy or Parkinson’s disease by a multi-speciality team, whom identified drug-related problems and whe
The heterogeneous group of T-cell lymphomas consist mostly of aggressive diseasess, with generally unfavourable outcome compared to aggressive B-cell lymphomas following similar therapy. This thesis focus on outcome and risk factors for inferior survival, in an unselected population-based cohort of T-cell lymphoma patients. In the first study, outcome of the precursor malignancy T-cell Lymphoblast
