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ABSTRACT The objective of this project was to study if the adaptive background affects the spectral sensitivity of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) tested in bright light. Two budgerigars were trained, by associative learning with food rewards, in dual choice tests to discriminate monochromatic light stimuli of nine different wavelengths from an adaptive background with ultraviolet light (UV
Debatten om polisens kontroller av ID-handlingar i samband med färdbeviskontroll i Stockholms tunnelbana kulminerade under första halvåret av 2013. I media diskuterades att färdbeviskontrollerna egentligen syftade till att utföra inre utlänningskontroll, metoderna för dessa och på vilken rättslig grund det kan ske. Det uppmärksammades även att kontrollerna tycktes rikta sig mot personer med minoriThe debate on the Police’s identity checks in connection to ticket control in the Stockholm metro culminated during the first half of 2013. In the media the discussions focused whether the ticket controls were undertaken due to internal border control, the methods for the procedure and on what legal ground it was undertaken. It was also especially noted that this form of controls seemed to specifi
Popular Abstract in Swedish Elmarknadens avreglering har medfört att behovet av "condition monitoring" eller tillståndskontroll har ökat. Den nya "marknaden" har medfört en annan typ av aktörer, som till skillnad mot de traditionella kraftbolagen, inte har samma kultur beträffande teknikorganisation. Därför har behovet av övervakningssystem ökat markant. Avhandlingen behandlar dessa ur ett teknisThe revenue from a power plant is strongly dependent on the life cycle cost. Today, when the market conditions for power-producing companies have shifted from a protected market to a deregulated market, the need for tools to monitor power plants has increased significantly. In this new competitive market, targeted revenues and operational economy drive the need for advanced monitoring tools. In th
The importance of property in everyday life of people is obvious. Although sometimes it looks like property does not fit into the human rights context, the author believes that the right to property as any other human right needs protection. The fact that 20 percent of all violations found by the European Court of Human Rights in the last eight years are connected with property rights illustrates
Saudi Arabia ratified the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) in 2000. The ratification was a step forward for the strict gender segregated country but could not be genuinely hailed due to a general reservation giving prevalence to Islamic Law in case of conflict with the provision of the Convention. Whereas it can be established that a sweeping reser
Äganderätt är den mest långtgående civilrättsliga förfoganderätten till egendom som kan innehas. Före den 1 maj 2009 har det inte varit möjligt i Sverige att inneha enskild lägenhet med direkt äganderätt trots att detta utgör den vanligaste ägarformen för lägenheter i flertalet EU-medlemsstater. Motståndet mot ägarlägenhetsinstitutet har såväl varit juridiskt som bostadspolitiskt till sin karaktärOwnership to property is the most extensive legal right of disposal that can be possessed. Before the 1 of May 2009 it was not possible in Sweden to hold a direct ownership of a flat despite freehold flats (SW. “ägarlägenhet”) being the most common legal form of ownership to a flat in other EU-member states. The resistance towards this institute has been based on legal as well as political argumen
I detta examensarbete behandlas integrationsklausuler i svensk, engelsk och amerikansk rätt. Syftet är dels att utreda vilken rättsverkan integrationsklausuler är avsedda att medföra och i vilken grad de fyller sin funktion i engelsk respektive amerikansk rätt, dels att undersöka i vilken utsträckning samma rättsverkan kan tillerkännas integrationsklausuler i avtal på vilka svensk rätt är tillämplThis thesis deals with merger clauses, also known as integration clauses or entire agreement clauses, in Swedish, English and US law. The purpose is firstly to examine what legal effect merger clauses are designed to achieve and to what extent they are recognized as having that legal effect in English and US law respectively, and secondly to examine to what extent merger clauses can achieve the sa
Den som utsätts för ett brott har med stöd av nödvärnsbestämmelsen i 24 kap 1 § BrB rätt att försvara sig. Självklart måste det finnas gränser för hur mycket våld som i sådana situationer får användas. Därför anges i bestämmelsen att våldet inte får ha varit ”uppenbart oförsvarligt”. Trots att man överskridit rätten till nödvärn kan man enligt svensk rätt gå fri från ansvar. Gärningen ska enligt A person who is being subjected to a crime has, according to Chapter 24 Section 1 Brottsbalken, a right to defend himself. Naturally the right to self-defence must have some kind of limit. Therefore the provision states that the violence used cannot be “clearly indefensible” Even though an offender has exceeded the right to self-defence he or she can still be excused according to Swedish law. Cha
Migration har länge förekommit och anledningarna till förflyttningen kan variera. En grupp av människor som nyligen fått ökad uppmärksamhet är så kallade ”klimatflyktingar”. Termen grundar sig i att dessa människor flytt undan klimatförändringarnas effekter. Vi människor är en stor bidragande faktor till klimatförändringarna, främsta orsaken är koldioxidutsläpp. Klimatförändringarna väntas få flerDuring many years, migration has been a part of people’s life and the reasons for migration have varied. One group of migrants that has become larger in recent years is the “climate refugees”. This concept has its foundation in the fact that these humans are forced to flee from the effects of climate changes. Humans are a big contributing factor to climate changes, mostly due to the large amount o
Problematiken med sexualbrott mot barn har funnits i Sverige under en lång tid och successivt har lagstiftningen utvecklats för att utöka skyddet för barnet som brottsoffer. Nuvarande förskjutna preskriptionstid, som påbörjas den dag då brottsoffret fyller 18 år, är ur en historisk synvinkel ett mycket starkt skydd i förhållande till bestämmelserna som rådde under början av 1900-talet då barnet skSexual offences against children have been a problem in Sweden for many years and successively the legislation has developed to broaden the protection for the child as a victim. When comparing to previous legislation at the beginning of the 20th century when the child was blamed for having seduced the adult, the current postponed period of limitation, which starts the day the victim turns 18 years
En allmän lojalitetsprincip anses gälla i obligationsrätten men sättet som denna princip kommit att få fäste i den svenska rättsordningen avviker från hur rätten vanligtvis utvecklas. Principen har inget enhetligt eller fastställt innehåll och det är omdebatterat hur omfattande principen är och hur den kommer till uttryck i svensk rätt. Uppsatsens övergripande syfte är att försöka utreda hur lojalA general principle of good faith is considered to be applicable in Swedish contract law, however, the means in which this principle has taken hold in Swedish law deviates from the customary development of the law. The principle has no unanimous or clearly determined definition and it is debated how extensive the principle is and how it is expressed in Swedish law. The overarching purpose of this
Purpose: The aim was to explore what socio-economic benefits could be made out of regional networks in an economic, environmental and social perspective. The project also aimed to investigate where there is potential for regional networks and utilization of waste heat, and what barriers exist. In order to investigate the gains that can be achieved two different models was created and then compared
En betydande del av Europas byggnadsbestånd behöver renoveras. De vanligaste anledningarna till att man genomför renoveringar är akuta tekniska problem eller en byggnads eller dess komponenters utgående livslängd. Andra vanliga skäl för byggherrar att genomföra renoveringar i sitt byggnadsbestånd är höga kostnader för underhåll och drift samt ett högt energibehov. Dessutom har bygg- och fastighetsA considerable amount of Europe’s building stock needs to be renovated. The most common reasons for carrying out renovations are acute technical issues or the expiring life span of a building or its components. Other common reason for building owners to carry out renovations in their building stock are high costs for maintenance and operation, and a high energy demand. Furthermore, the constructio
Background: Efforts to culture red blood cells (RBCs) for transfusion purposes are ongoing in numerous research laboratories worldwide. In addition, smaller-scale erythroid culture is one of many approaches toward better understanding of erythropoiesis, enucleation and RBC biology. Our center recently changed from traditional blood component separation to the Reveos(R) automated blood- processing
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning1,7 miljoner nya fall av bröstcancer diagnosticeras årligen i världen. Bröstcancer är kvinnans vanligaste tumörsjukdom och i västvärlden samt Sverige kommer var åttonde till var nionde kvinna att insjukna under sin livstid. Överlevnaden efter bröstcancer är bland de högsta i världen i Sverige, med femårsöverlevnad på cirka 90%. För de kvinnor som diagnosticeras i Most patients with breast cancer present with low-risk tumors, node-negative disease, and excellent prognosis. For these patients, routine axillary nodal staging by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has no therapeutic benefit. For patients with limited sentinel lymph node metastasis, completion axillary nodal dissection is controversial. Furthermore, those with heavy-burden metastasis could benefi
Background: In luminal breast cancer, adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitors (eg, abemaciclib) improve invasive disease-free survival. In patients with T1–2, grade 1–2 tumours, and one or two sentinel lymph node metastases, completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) is the only prognostic tool available that can reveal four or more nodal metastases (pN2–3), which is the only indication for adjuvant abe
This thesis covers a set of methods related to machine perception and localization, which are two important building blocks of artificial intelligence. In Paper I, we explore the concept of regression via classification (RvC), which is often used for perception tasks where the target variable is either ordinal or when the distance metric of the target space is not well-suited as an objective funct
Background: Preterm birth remains the major risk factor for the development of intraventricular haemorrhage, an injury that occurs in 25% of very low birth weight infants. Intraventricular haemorrhage is thought to be venous in origin and intrinsic thromboses in the germinal matrix are likely to play a triggering role. Heparin activates antithrombin and promotes the inactivation of thrombin and ot
OBJECTIVES: Asphalt is frequently used as road pavement and consists of bitumen as a binder, and fillers. Bitumen consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, where a minor component is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Many PAHs are classified as carcinogenic to humans. Bitumen fumes from road paving have been classified as possibly carcinogenic. Paving and milling are open processes gen
