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The subject of this dissertation is the regulation of banks. The enquiry is built around three overreaching research questions:1. What is a bank?2. Why do banks have to be regulated?3. How should banks be regulated? Each of these three questions is dedicated a separate and comprehensive section, each consisting of several chapters. Even though the subject is jurisprudence, the perspective of the
Oxidation of SO2.nH2O/HSO3-/SO32- by Pt(CN)4Cl22- has been studied at 25-degrees-C and 1.0 M ionic strength in acidic aqueous solution by use of stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:1 according to Pt(CN)4Cl22- + HSO3 + H2O --> Pt(CN)42- + 2Cl- + HSO4- + 2H+. It is first-order with respect to both [Pt(IV)] and [S(IV)]. The pH-dependence in the region 0.3 < pH < 4.5
BACKGROUND: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) requires health financing systems that provide prepaid pooled resources for key health services without placing undue financial stress on households. Understanding current and future trajectories of health financing is vital for progress towards UHC. We used historical health financing data for 188 countries from 1995 to 2015 to estimate future
In January 1990 an expert group was set up by DP2 of TC2, CEC to define the research and development work needed to be undertaken within the community to achieve a robust solution with respect to reaction-to-fire material classification. The expert group delivered in December 1990 its proposal for a 5-year research and development program. But a system of harmonised European fire test methods and
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna undersökning inventerar beståndet av beteckningar för EGENDOM I ALLMÄNHET och för MOBIL och IMMOBIL EGENDOM i de regionala medeltida nordiska lagarna (dvs. de danska och svenska landskapslagarna, de norska lagtingslagarna samt den isländska Grágás). Materialet analyseras språkgeografiskt med avsikten att skapa en relativ termkronologi. En grovanalys visar attféThis study investigates the stock of words for PROPERTY IN GENERAL with the subcategories MOVABLE and IMMOVABLE PROPERTY in the regional medieval Scandinavian laws and makes a linguistic-geographical analysis of these words with the aim of establishing a relative term chronology. A crude analysis shows that fé/fæ for PROPERTY IN GENERAL and land for IMMOVABLE PROPERTY were the oldest
Popular Abstract in Swedish Parallellt med att kommunerna under 1990-talet fick ett utvidgat ansvar för t.ex. vården av och omsorgen om äldre och funktionshindrade gavs de större frihet att lokalt bestämma över sina organisationsformer. Omständigheterna ledde till ett starkt kommunalt reformtryck, inte minst genom de reformförslag som på olika sätt och i varierande grad utmanade den traditionella The 1990s was a period characterized by a strong pressure for reform in the Swedish municipalities. The care manager reform, i.e. the initiation of a position within the administration - the care manager - whose work tasks are concentrated around needs-assessment practices only, was one of many reform proposals. Within a fairly short time span a great number of municipalities decided to implement
PURPOSE: As a prelude to developing updated, evidence-based, international consensus recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA), the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) Treatment Guidelines Committee undertook a critical appraisal of published guidelines and a systematic review (SR) of more recent evidence for relevant therapies. METHODS: Sixteen exper
This book brings into question the dichotomies inherent in the sociology of law. It is a journey in search of a method capable of taking us beyond the theoretical limitations imposed on socio-legal research by sharply defined divisions such as “law on the books” and “law in action”, “formal” and “informal law”, “facts” and “norms”, “form” and “substance”, “internal” and “external” legal cultures o
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen påbörjades 1997 vid den Psykiatriska Rehabiliteringsenheten (PRE) i Eslöv parallellt med att författaren arbetade som klinisk psykolog vid enheten och utförde bedömningar av patienternas intellektuella/kognitiva förmåga och personlighet. Resultaten från dessa bedömningar kom tillsammans med andras bedömningar att utgöra underlaget för den individuella vårdpThese studies were conducted at the Psychiatric Rehabilitation Unit (PRU), characterised by a supportive ego-strenghtening psychodynamic approach. The general aim of the thesis was to study how intellectual ability and perceived self-image were related to perceived ward atmosphere among patients with psychosis. The first study described how patients and staff perceived the ward atmosphere at five
Popular Abstract in Swedish Den moderna epokens början återfinns i det sena sjuttonhundratalet och i Europa. Det är en epok, en kultur som förstår sig som både ny och som annorlunda i förhållande till tidigare epoker och kulturer, sådana som vilat på myter, religion och tradition. Den nya kulturens fundamentala insikt bestod i att ingenting måste vara så som det är, utan allt vore möjligt också påThe problem which the present study discusses is modernity. The study interprets modernity’s cultural and anthropological dispositions as historical appearances. Consequently, it is situated at the intersection of cultural sociology and historical anthropology. The aim is to generate insight and understanding rather than a coherent theory. The key element consists of combination and variation of c
The significance of load modeling for voltage stability studies has been emphasized by several disturbances, which have taken place in the past years. They have shown that the loads in combination with other dynamics are among the main contributors of prolonged low voltage conditions, voltage instability and collapse in the power system. As a result of these disturbances new investigations have co
Atomic layer etching (ALE) is a cyclic technique based on self-limiting processes, such as reactive gas adsorption and material removal by low-energy ion bombardment 1,2. In a typical ALE process Ar+ ions with energies of 20-60 eV are used to desorb the reaction products, e.g. SiClx for the Si ALE. Compared to a corresponding continuous reactive ion etching (RIE), where the ion energies often exce
Nuclear power has significantly improved performance over the last thirty years. This improvement has been based on a philosophy of control. That is, for each issue that must be managed to achieve safe performance, a pre-determined barrier must be established. In addition to the barriers that were designed into the plant, a large range of programs, processes and procedures have been developed to d
Jakten på vapen som distanserar soldaten från själva slagfältet har pågått ända sedan övergången från krigsföring med knivar till krigsföring med pil och båge. Idag har denna ambition närapå nått fullständighet med det ständigt växande antal obemannade, fjärrstyrda farkoster som snabbt håller på att bli den vanligaste och mest framstående metoden att föra krig. Politiska incitament såsom att kapa The pursuit of weapons which distance the soldier from the actual battlefield has been going on ever since the transition from the waging of war using short blades, to the waging of war using bow and arrow. Today, that ambition has reached an almost completion with the ever-increasing number of unmanned, remote-controlled vehicles that are rapidly becoming the most common and prominent method of w
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a model for business process improvement that integrates national culture aspects to achieve sustainable performance improvement. Research questions: * How can national culture aspects be combined into a business process management model? * What is the difference between mapping methods? * How do they relate to each other and their intended scope?
17 kap. 10 § LOU stadgar att ett kontrakt eller ramavtal får ändras i enlighet med en ändrings- eller optionsklausul utan att en ny upphandling måste genomföras, om kontraktets eller ramavtalets övergripande karaktär inte ändras, om klausulen har angetts i något av upphandlingsdokumenten och klart, exakt och entydigt beskriver under vilka förutsättningar den kan tillämpas. Vidare ska klausulen äve17th chapter 10th § of the Swedish Public Procurement Act statues that a contract or a framework agreement may be modified without a new procurement procedure in accordance with a review clause or option, if the clause does not provide for modifications that would alter the overall nature of the contract. The review clause shall be set out in the initial procurement documents. Such a clause shall
Framväxten av artificiell intelligens (AI) har medfört ett flertal utmaningar för det upphovsrättsliga regelverket. Det befintliga upphovsrättsliga regelverket ger skydd åt verk som skapats av en människa. Samtidigt har framstegen inom AI och den djupa maskininlärningen möjliggjort att AI-system genererar alster i form av litteratur, musik och bilder, som traditionellt har hört till människans domThe emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) poses a number of challenges to copyright law. The existing copyright regulations provide protection for works created by human beings. At the same time, advances in AI and deep machine learning have enabled AI systems to generate creations of literature, music and images, which are traditionally associated with the human domain. The thesis investigat
“Cultural identity is closely linked to their ancestral lands. If they are deprived of them, by means of forced displacement, it seriously affects their cultural identity, and finally, their very right to life lato sensu...” (Sawhoyamaxa Indigenous Community v. Paraguay) In the last five decades a movement calling for the protection of indigenous peoples’ rights has precipitated in a wave of inte
This essay concerns private climate litigation as a tool through which victims of loss and damage can access climate justice. Anthropogenic climate change is already today causing substantial harm to people and communities all over the world. The people living in the Global South are particularly vulnerable to this harm due to their geographical location and limited access to funds and technologie
Köp av sexuell tjänst har i Sverige varit förbjudet sedan 1999. Införandet av förbudet var en del i arbetet mot mäns våld mot kvinnor. Lagen har därefter genomgått en rad ändringar, senast en straffskärpning 2022. I december 2022 publicerade Norges regering en offentlig utredning där ett förslag på avkriminalisering av sexköp presenterades. I Norge inspirerades man 2009 av den svenska modellen ochThe crime of purchase of sexual services has been criminalized in Sweden since 1999. The introduction of the ban was part of the work against men's violence against women. The law has subsequently undergone a series of changes, most recently a toughening of the penalty in August 2022. In December 2022, the Norwegian government published a public inquiry in which a proposal for the decriminaliz
