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Travel on railway in Sweden has increased steadily over the past three decades and there are today twice as many passengers travelling by train as there were 30 years ago. The increasing awareness of environmental issues with other methods of transportation is likely to favour railway travel, and so the number of passengers is expected to continue to rise. As the number of passengers increase, so
Skyddet för brukskonst har historiskt sett varit restriktivt men med tiden utvecklats till att bli alltmer inkluderande och generöst när det gäller alster som både har ett estetiskt och funktionellt syfte. Det upphovsrättsliga skyddet har de senaste åren genom avgöranden från EU-domstolen givits tydligare riktlinjer gällande bedömningen av alster av brukskonst. Dessa har jämställts med övriga konsThe protection of applied art has historically been limited but has over time become more inclusive of and generous towards products whose design has been dictaded by both aesthetic and functional purposes. Copyright protection has during the last couple of years, through case law from the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), been given more specific guidelines regarding works of applied
I juni 2018 meddelade HD ett avgörande (NJA 2018 s. 414) gällande förutsättningarna för att en advokat ska anses skadeståndsansvarig vid vårdslös rådgivning. Rättsfallet som blev uppmärksammat möttes även av kritik då det inte ansågs sprida mycket ljus över frågan med undantag av att ribban för skadeståndsansvar numera var hög. HD hade nämligen konstaterat att skadeståndsansvar förelåg först vid uIn June of 2018 the Supreme Court delivered a judgment regarding a lawyer’s liability for damages due to negligent advice. The case (NJA 2018 s. 414) was met with criticism as it was not considered to bring much clarity to the matter. It was suspected that the bar concerning lawyer’s liability had been raised since the Supreme Court had stated that liability for damages only existed when the lawye
Responsibility to protect, eller R2P, är en norm inom FN som uppstod som en reaktion på många av de inomstatliga konflikter som pågick världen över under 90-talet. FN:s misslyckande med att skydda de civila som drabbades av humanitära katastrofer visade på ett behov av förändring gällande möjligheten att ingripa i inomstatliga konflikter. 2001 utkom en rapport från den kommission, ICISS, som tilResponsibility to protect, or R2P, is a norm within the UN that emerged as a reaction towards the many intrastate conflicts that occurred around the world during the 90’s. The UN’s failure to protect civilians from humanitarian disasters displayed a need for change regarding the opportunity to intervene during these types of conflicts. In 2001 the commission, ICISS, founded under the authority of
Strålbehandling är en viktig behandling av cancer och det är avgörande att ge de föreskrivna stråldoserna exakt på rätt plats för att lyckas. Innan en patient behandlas verifieras strålbehandlingen genom kontrollmätningar. Dessa kontrollmätningar utförs med små detektorer som är placerade i ett fantom. Dessa mäter dosen endast i de punkter där de placeras. Stråldosen som ligger mellan dessa punkteBackground & Purpose: Radiation therapy is an essential treatment for cancer patients with the ultimate goal to deliver radiation doses to the tumour with precision while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. Treatment verification is crucial to ensure the accuracy of radiation delivery, for instance by measuring the radiation dose distribution. Among various dosimetry techniques
Efter att Polismyndighetens beslut att neka tillstånd till två allmänna sammankomster med inslag av koranbränning i februari 2023 har underkänts av Kammarrätten i Stockholm står det nu klart att det saknas legala förutsättningar för att vägra tillstånd till en allmän sammankomst baserat på en ökad risk i allmänhet för terrorattentat mot svenska intressen. Som en reaktion på detta har regeringen tiThe Administrative Court of Appeal in Stockholm has overturned two decisions by the Swedish Police Authority in February 2023 to deny approval of permits to hold public gatherings to burn the Quran. Following these judgements, it is now clear that there is no legal basis provided in Swedish law for barring public gatherings based on an increased risk in general of terrorist attacks against Swedish
With the increasing share of renewable energy sources in the energy system, an increased demand for stabilizing the grid frequency has grown, suggesting a future need for balancing services, such as manual Frequency Restoration Reserve (mFRR). A promising actor able to offer such balancing service is combined heat and power (CHP) plants due to their dispatchable power capabilities. This thesis aim
Salinisation is a global issue which leads to desertification and soil degradation and exposure to salt is also known to inhibit microbial activity and plant growth. This study was conducted to determine the influence of salinity on microbial activity of a non- saline soil. By using Salt Induced Community Tolerance (SICT) concept I found that microbial community tolerance to salt can be induced in
Anställningsförhållandet grundas på ett personligt förhållande och präglas av ett starkt behov av förtroende. I bestående anställningsavtal skall arbetstagaren i stort sett sätta arbetsgivarens intresse framför sitt eget. Vilken skyldighet har emellertid arbetstagare att iaktta arbetsgivarens intresse vid ingående av anställningsavtalet? Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att utreda i vilken utstrWhen entering into a contract it is important to maintain a certain grade of honesty and loyalty. Not only is it wrong to deceive a party in order to reach a beneficial agreement, it is in certain cases also contrary to good faith and fair dealing to leave a mistaken party in error. The law therefore imposes a duty of disclosure that requires a party to reveal all matters known, in its entirety, t
The purpose of this thesis project was to analyse and evaluate different systems for installation of piperun in ceilings. Main focus lay on how the systems influence the installer from an ergonomic point of view as well as productivity in terms of installation time. Several studies have been performed during this project using a variety of methods such as observations, interviews, questionnaires a
Dubbel ickebeskattning på grund av tillämpning av skatteavtal kan definieras som den skattemässiga effekt som inträder då varken hemviststaten eller källstaten har något beskattningsanspråk i förhållande till en viss inkomst men där inkomsten skulle ha beskattats av någon stat i frånvaro av skatteavtalet. Hittills har intresset och förståelsen för de bakomliggande orsakerna varit begränsad och detTax treaty induced double non–taxation may be defined as the non–imposition of tax on certain income by both Contracting States, where the income would be subject to taxation absent the treaty. Up to now, there has been limited interest in, and appreciation of, the underlying causes, and there has been a lack of systematic review as to which strategies are deemed most appropriate for avoiding unin
The focus on sustainability has increased in our society during the last years and more firms are conducting CSR reports than ever before. Some claim that firms CSR efforts are only window dressing while other claims that sustainability leads to greater profitability for firms. Previous research is ambiguous when it comes to explain how and if sustainability efforts lead to higher profitability. S
The purpose of the present essay, as part of the project Self esteem and Life circumstances among teenagers, was to investigate the rate of both deliberate self-harm (DSH) and risk behaviour related to eating disorders in 14-year-old swedish adolescents, gender differences in DSH, and possible correlations between DSH and risk behaviours related to eating disorder. In addition, the effects of expr
“The management of innovation is inherently difficult and risky, most new technologies fail to be translated into products and services, and most new products and services are not commercial successes. In short, innovation can enhance competitiveness, but it requires a different set of management knowledge and skills from those of everyday business administration” (Bessant et al. 2005 p. 1). The a
Despite the increasing significance of foreign investment in the global economy, the extent and intensity of regulation at the multilateral level is disproportionate as compared to that of international trade. Unlike the integrated system established under the World Trade Organization, the governance of international investment is highly fragmented, encompassing an amalgamation of customary intern
Background: One of the polymer gel dosimeters available today is the N-isopropylamide (NIPAM) polymer gel dosimeter which has a less toxic monomer compared to other polymer gels and the advantage of being able to be manufactured under normal oxygen levels. Polymer gel dosimeters in general are advantageous independent dosimeters to use for verification of new radiation treatment techniques due to
En tredjedel av Sveriges årliga växthusgasutsläpp kommer idag från transportsektorn, vilket innebär att stora förändringar behöver ske om målet om nettonollutsläpp vid 2045 ska nås. En viktig åtgärd som diskuteras i denna kontext är en ökad elektrifiering och en lösning som har möjlighet att bidra i denna omställning är elvägssystem, där elfordon laddas dynamiskt. En typ av konduktiv elvägsteknik One third of Sweden's total annual greenhouse gas emissions originate from the transport sector today and great changes are thus needed in order to reach the net zero emission target by 2045. One of the most important measures discussed is an increased electrification of the transport sector and a solution with potential to contribute to this transition is electric road systems (ERS), where ve
Vid en diskussion om nivån på den svenska bolagsskatten är det av stor vikt att avgöra huruvida diskussionen rör den nominella eller den effektiva skattesatsen. Den nominella skattesatsen uppgår till 28 procent och återfinns i 65 kap. 14 § IL. Den effektiva skattesatsen är däremot inte given utan kan i viss utsträckning påverkas, eftersom den bestäms genom att dividera skatt på årets resultat med
This is a thesis analysing the human rights of women who are trafficked to Sweden for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Sexual slavery is a highly lucrative global industry controlled by powerful criminal organisations. These groups make an estimated $7 billion a year on trafficking. Young women are often lured into prostitution rings by advertisements for domestic positions abroad and find them
In our time it is widely argued that we are undergoing global transformations that influence the way we think about ourselves and how we interact and form ties with others. The intensified global integration of service sectors during the last five to ten years underscores such transformations. In recent research and among popular commentators the rise of transnational call-centers in India that pr
