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Ändtarmscancer är en av de vanligast förekommande cancersjukdomarna. Tillsammans med tjocktarmscancer är det den tredje vanligaste cancersjukdomen i världen. Den behandlas vanligen med kirurgi, under vilken en stor del av ändtarmen och dess omgivande fettvävnad tas bort. För att minska risken för återfall kan operationen kompletteras med strålbehandling, där patienterna oftast strålbehandlas innanBackground and purpose: During radiotherapy, rectal cancer patients show inter-fractional internal motion that effects the delivered dose distribution. The purpose of this work is to study I) the inter-fractional bladder volume change, II) the effect of bladder volume change on bowel dose distribution, III) the effect of bladder optimization on the relationship between bladder volume and bowel dos

Nätverksanalys med hjälp av GIS applikationer har ofta använts inom sjukvården för att planera och undersöka en populations tillgång till professionell vård. I detta kandidatarbete har en nätverksanalys genomförts för att beräkna dem kortaste färdvägarna från varje demografisk avgränsat område (”Small Area for Market Statistics” eller SAMS) inom Skåne län till det närmaste kirurgiska sjukhuset förHealth and emergency services aim to provide patients with urgent care according to an accessibility policy that is characterized by “proper service at the proper time and place” (Jordan et al. 2004; Murad 2007). Network analysis using geographical information system (GIS) applications has frequently been used in healthcare planning to investigate a population's accessibility to professional c

Avhandlingen handlar om samtida föräldraskap och skärmtid. Skärmtid används ofta i vardagligt språkbruk för att beteckna aktiviteter på och kring skärmteknologier, men det har även blivit ett fenomen som ofta beskrivs i termer av konfrontation, osäkerhet och frustration i hemmet (Livingstone & Blum-Ross 2020; Sandberg et al. 2024a). Föräldrar förväntas hantera och kontrollera deras barns skärmThe dissertation is about modern-day parenting in relation to what is commonly known as screen time. While screen time in everyday language is used to connote activities on screen technologies, it has become a phenomenon which often describes a site of struggle, uncertainty and frustration in the domestic space (Livingstone & Blum-Ross 2020; Sandberg et al. 2024a). Parents are expected to mana

Frågan om bevisning utgör en viktig fråga även i skiljeförfaranden. I synnerhet skriftlig bevisning är viktig då den överlag anses vara mer tillförlitlig än muntlig sådan. Det är därför av vikt att part får tillgång till all skriftlig bevisning, även sådan som motpart eller annan kan tänkas inneha. Om dessa dokument frivilligt företes av part eller tredje man uppstår inga problem. Problemen börjar

I svensk rätt finns bestämmelser som berör gärningsbeskrivningen i 30:3 RB och 45:4 RB. Det första lagrummet stadgar att gärningsbeskrivningen utgör ramen för domstolens prövning. Det andra lagrummet stadgar vilket innehåll en gärningsbeskrivning ska ha. Frågan hur preciserad den information som ges i gärningsbeskrivning ska vara har länge varit omdiskuterad. Kraven på gärningsbeskrivningens precIn Swedish law, the provisions regarding the indictment are found in 30:3 RB and 45:4 RB. The first provision states that the indictment serves as a foundation of the court´s trial. The second provision establishes what specific information the indictment should contain. The question of how accurate the information provided in the indictment must be has long been up for discussion. The requiremen

Uppsatsen behandlar vissa frågor kring rättsinstitutet särskild granskning enligt aktiebolagslagen. Särskild granskning tillhör aktiebolagslagens minoritetsskyddsregler och ger en minoritet av aktieägare rätt att genom Bolagsverkets försorg få en särskild granskare utsedd. Genom en specialundersökning kan avgränsade förhållanden i bolaget som är av extraordinär natur granskas. Förarbetena har uttaThe thesis deals with certain questions concerning the legal institute’s special examination according to the Swedish Companies Act (SCA). Requesting a special examiner is a part of different protection controls for minority shareholder in SCA and gives a minority of shareholders the right to get a special examiner appointed by the Swedish Companies Registration Office (SCRO). By conducting a spec

A great part of the soil remediation projects in Sweden today are being carried out on heterogeneous contaminated areas where for example industrial activities have been going on for a long time. In many cases waste from the industrial processes have been dumped or spread out on the property, and there is no pattern in the occurrence of contaminants. The distribution of the concentration of the co

Barsebäcks kärnkraftverk driftsattes 1975 och den första reaktorn togs ur drift 1999 och den andra 2005. Nedmontering och rivning av kärnkraftverket har inletts och processen beräknas vara klar på 2030-talet. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att kartlägga eventuell radioaktiv kontamination i området runt Barsebäcksverket. Mitt mål är att ta fram en metod för att särskilja bakgrundsstrålning från Background and aim: The Barsebäck nuclear power plant (NPP) units ceased operations in 1999 and 2005. Now the NPP is in the phase of decommissioning, which is a complicated process that will take many years to complete. Radiological characterization of the surrounding area is a part of the decommissioning process. The aim of this thesis was to identify and quantify residual anthropogenic radioacti

Chemical Loping Combustion (CLC) is a novel combustion technology in which the exhaust gas is inherently divided into oxygen depleted air in one stream and CO2 and water vapour in another. This is however under the ideal condition that the fuel conversion is complete, i.e. all the hydrocarbons in the fuel is transformed to heat, water vapour and CO2. The CO2 capture rate can under such ideal condi

Barnobesitas är sedan flera år ett ökat hälsoproblem bland barn. Obesitas vid 4 års ålder ger en kraftigt ökad risk för obesitas senare i livet. Att förebygga uppkomst och utveckling av obesitas är en långsiktig investering för framtiden. Idag finns ingen evidensbaserad metod för vägledning inom barnhälsovården för att främja hälsosamma levnadsvanor och förebygga obesitas hos förskolebarn. Det övePrevention of childhood obesity with its effects on children’s mental and physical health and well-being is an international public health priority and is suggested to be effective when started early. As Child Health Services lack an evidence-based model, there is the need for development of a low-intensive health promotion model that is feasible and cost-effective in preventing obesity in prescho

Importance: Long-term follow-up after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is of interest given that longitudinal data on mortality and durability of transcatheter heart valves are limited. The REPRISE III (Repositionable Percutaneous Replacement of Stenotic Aortic Valve Through Implantation of Lotus Valve System-Randomized Clinical Evaluation) randomized clinical trial compared the mecha

IMPORTANCE: The clinical utility of stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in stable chest pain is still debated, and the low-risk period for adverse cardiovascular (CV) events after a negative test result is unknown.OBJECTIVE: To provide contemporary quantitative data synthesis of the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of stress CMR in stable chest pain.DATA SOURCES: PubMed

Background Influenza and other respiratory viruses promote Streptococcus pneumoniae proliferation in the upper respiratory tract. We sought to investigate for what we believe is the first time, the effect of intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) on nasopharyngeal S pneumoniae density in a low-income to middle-income country population with high pneumococcal carriage rates. Methods I

Background: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is associated with higher cholesterol levels, and an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amyloid-related imaging abnormalities after initiation of amyloid-modifying therapies. A worse cognitive response to cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) treatment and longitudinal outcome in APOE ε4-carriers has been observed. Based on these c

BACKGROUND: Falls are common among older people with intellectual disability (ID) and are also a major contributor to injuries in this population. Yet, fall characteristics have only been sparsely studied, and the results are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to investigate type of falls, places where they occurred and activities that caused them, as well as health outcomes and health

BACKGROUND: In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015).METHODS: We applied statistical methods to systematic

Pain, use of painkillers and alcohol are highly prevalent in the general population. Aims of the study were to describe differences in pain, alcohol consumption and use of painkillers among two 60 year old birth cohorts stratified by gender. Participants were recruited from the Skåne centre of The Swedish National study on Aging and Care, a multicentre, prospective, longitudinal study. The sample

Hjärtsvikt betecknar ett syndrom som innebär att hjärtat har otillräcklig förmåga att försörja kroppen med blod. Detta kan antingen bero på att hjärtat inte kan fyllas med eller stöta ut tillräckligt med mängd blod. Patienter med hjärtsvikt har i allmänhet hög dödlighet, detta trots att stora framsteg har gjorts avseende behandlingen av hjärtsvikt, speciellt sedan 1980-talet. Femårsöverlevnaden föIntroduction: Despite major advances, the incidence rate and mortality of heart failure (HF) remains high, with a five-year survival of approximately 50%. At the time of inception of this thesis the familial risks of HF, including the aspects of mortality, were largely underdetermined. This thesis is composed of four papers with the main aims as follows:To determine the risk of hospitalization of

Background: Mental health problems are prevalent among adolescents with severe obesity, but long-term mental health outcomes after adolescent bariatric surgery are not well known. We aimed to assess mental health outcomes over 5 years of follow-up after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in adolescents who participated in the Adolescent Morbid Obesity Surgery (AMOS) study. Methods: This was a non-ra