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Bi-materials composed of thin layers ideally bonded to large substrates are considered. Cracksemerging from an almost flat surface and propagating through the bi-materials are studied.The cracks acquire realistic geometrical shapes, where the tips are integral parts of the cracksurfaces. Crack propagation is related to surface evolution resulting from material loss due tocorrosion. Controlling mecBi-materials composed of thin layers ideally bonded to large substrates are considered. Cracks emerging from an almost flat surface and propagating through the bi-materials are studied. The cracks acquire realistic geometrical shapes, where the tips are integral parts of the crack surfaces. Crack propagation is related to surface evolution resulting from material loss due to corrosion. Controlling

Popular Abstract in Swedish I avhandlingen jämförs påföljdsbestämningen i Sverige och straffutmålingen i Norge eftersom det allmänt anses att det är olika straffteorier som motiverar svensk och norsk straffrätt. Dels systematiseras, analyseras och tolkas svensk och norsk lagstiftning samt förarbeten, dels jämförs rättsfall från 1996 och 1997 från Högsta domstolen och Höyesterett. Frågeställningar The thesis is concerned with the penal theories. The general opinion is that it is neoclassicism that mainly motivates sentencing in Sweden but not in Norway. The penal theories concerning sentencing in Norway is supposed to be a combination of theories between general deterrence and special deterrence with elements of retribution. If this is the case this should be evident from a comparison betwe

The rate constants for the chloride and bromide anations of Pd(H2O)42+, the chloride anations of PdCl3H2O−, the bromide anation of PdBr3H2O− and the acid hydrolysis of PdCl(H2O)3+, PdBr(H2O)3+, PdCl42−, and PdBr42− have been determined at 15, 25 and 35 °C using a stopped-flow technique. The ionic strength was 1.00 M and the supporting electrolyte perchloric acid. The obtained rate constants and thThe rate constants for the chloride and bromide anations of Pd(H2O)42+, the chloride anations of PdCl3H2O−, the bromide anation of PdBr3H2O− and the acid hydrolysis of PdCl(H2O)3+, PdBr(H2O)3+, PdCl42−, and PdBr42− have been determined at 15, 25 and 35 °C using a stopped-flow technique. The ionic strength was 1.00 M and the supporting electrolyte perchloric acid. The obtained rate constants and th

Although platelets are best known as primary mediators of hemostasis, this function intimately associates them with inflammatory processes, and it has been increasingly recognized that platelets play an active role in both innate and adaptive immunity. For example, platelet adhesive interactions with leukocytes and endothelial cells via P-selectin can lead to several pro-inflammatory events, inclu

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is expected to be a vital component in future 5G systems. As such, there is a need for new modeling in order to investigate the performance of massive MIMO not only at the physical layer but also higher up the networking stack. In this paper, we present general optimization models for massive MIMO, based on mixed-integer programming and compatible sets

The chiral tetradentate N4-donor ligand, 1-methyl-2-({(S)-2-[(S)-1-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl methyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]pyrrolidin-1-yl}methyl) benzimidazole (S,S- PDBz L), based on a chiral dipyrrolidine backbone, has been synthesized and its corresponding Fe(ii) complex has been prepared and characterized. The X-ray structure of the complex reveals that the Fe(ii) ion is in a distorted octahedral

During recent years new threats have accentuated the role of scientific experts for creating risk awareness, understanding, and advice for action or preparedness for informed risk decisions. Scientific experts are expected to engage in risk communication with stakeholders at various levels, not least the general public. Scientific experts exist in organizations where forms and goals may vary, as w

Two hydride compounds with aliphatic pincer ligands, (PCyP)IrH2 (PCyP = {cis-1,3-bis[(di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl]cyclohexane}- (1) and (PCyP)IrH4 (2), have been studied, with emphasis on features where such systems differ from arene-based analogues. Both compounds reveal relatively rapid exchange between α-C-H and Ir-H, which can occur via formation of carbene or through demetalation, with near

This is the fourth annual report of the Swedish Butterfly Monitoring Scheme, a national monitoring programme coordinated by Lund University for the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency since 2010. The programme is a partnership between the Entomological Society of Sweden, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Lund University, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and the Swedis

Elasticity and damping are significant properties of rubber, taken advantage of in engineering applications. It is therefore important that the constitutive model accurately captures these aspects of the mechanical behavior. In the first part of the thesis a description of theory and experiments for determination of hyperelastic parameters required for finite element analysis is provided. Test sp

The action of three matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), 72- and 95-kDa gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and PUMP (MMP-7), and a cysteine proteinase, cathepsin B, were investigated on aggrecan the major proteoglycan of cartilage. All the enzymes cleaved aggrecan although the activity of the 95-kDa gelatinase was very low. Specific cleavage sites were investigated following incubation with a purified agg

Objective. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether genetic variation in genes across the serotoninergic system is associated with chronic widespread pain (CWP) and the number of pain sites reported. Methods. A discovery cohort, with pain data at 3 time points, was used to investigate genetic associations with 2 phenotypes: 1) CWP (at >= 2 time points; n = 164) compared with pain-fr

Hospital. Not a positive word. Children + Hospital. Create an even more unpleasant feeling. When you arrive to the Children´s Hospital in Lund, you enter a dark but wide corridor. A busy doctor may scurry across the fl oor and disappear behind an alarmed door. If the reception is unmanned, the grey metallic venetian blinds are closed. It is hard to understand where to go. Even a grown-up can feel

The main objective of this paper is to empirically assess debt-relief as a mechanism of aggregate poverty reduction in severely indebted and middle-income countries. The empirical analysis focuses on the channels connecting growth to investment and social spending that are believed to fuel the resource development gap of the heavily indebted countries that have suffered from the debt crisis. In or

Now AI is being used nearly in everything we have. Ranging from hand-wrest watches to household systems used inside houses. According to a report by McKinsey and Co, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is expected to have a significant impact on the economy in the coming years, with the potential to add trillions of dollars annually to the global economy. Furthermore, advances in algorithms and data coll

Violence against children occurs worldwide despite explicit prohibitions. In Article 19 in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child there is a prohibition against physical and psychological violence towards children. States shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child. According to Article 23 (4) the convention state

The increased competition for talented employees is a new challenge for todays organizations to reach success and as a response to this challenge the term Talent Management was developed during the 1990s. Due to the relatively new concept there is still no generally accepted definition and the purpose of this study is to contribute with knowledge about what defines Talent Management and how it has

Cystitis is a bacterial infection of the bladder that occurs in about half of women at least once in their lifetime. Antibiotics such as nitrofurantoin are used to treat cystitis, but antibiotic resistance is a concern, especially for recurrent infections. Here we report an open-label, randomized, single-centre, phase 2 study to analyse the acute and long-term safety and efficacy of the IL-1 recep