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The aim of this paper is to provide an explanation to why the degree of informal employment may vary substantially between different regions within a country. In Brazil, 45% of workers in the urban labor force are employed informally. The degree of informal employment, however, varies substantially across regions, with some cities having 20% and others having 80% or more of their labor force in th

This thesis focuses on developing and characterizing novel models for studying osteoclasts with an emphasis on how mutations abolishing osteoclastic acidification affect osteoclast signaling and bone remodeling, as well as how to treat patients bearing these rare mutations. Bone remodeling is under normal circumstances a tightly balanced process where resorption of bone by osteoclasts is followed

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) in the contemporary CABG population. We also aimed to correlate the effective regurgitant orifice area (ERO) of any regurgitant mitral valve in patients with coronary artery disease with the semiquantitative integrated scale of IMR. Design. From March 15 through June 15, 2006, 510 conse

The enzymes of the polyamine-biosynthesis pathway have been proposed to be promising drug targets in the treatment of malaria. Spermidine synthase (SpdS; putrescine aminopropyltransferase) catalyzes the transfer of the aminopropyl moiety from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to putrescine, leading to the formation of spermidine and 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA). In this work, X-ray crystallograp

Sclerosing injections under ultrasonographic guidance is a new method of treatment for persistent pain in Achilles tendinosis. Good results, even superior to those of surgery, have been described. We report the outcome of 25 patients with midportion tendinosis receiving sclerosing treatment. Twenty-eight consecutive patients (29 tendons) with ultrasonographical findings of midportion tendinosis ex

Background. The accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital malformations has been the subject of many studies. Most of these are hospital-based studies over a limited period of years presenting high detection rates and also relatively high incidence of major malformations. We present here a large population-based study over a long period of years. Methods. The prenatal diagnoses are com

In a search for potential infertility loci, which might be revealed by clustering of chromosomal breakpoints, we compiled 464 infertile males with a balanced rearrangement from Mendelian Cytogenetics Network database (MCNdb) and compared their karyotypes with those of a Danish nation-wide cohort. We excluded Robertsonian translocations, rearrangements involving sex chromosomes and common variants.

The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unknown. It is thought to be due to an abnormal and uncontrolled immune response to normally occurring constituents of the intestine. Microbial agents appear to be involved in the pathogenesis and intestinal bacteria seem to be an important factor in the development and chronicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the colonic microbiota o

In response to increasing frequencies of penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococci (PNSP), for which the MIC of penicillin was greater than or equal to0.12 mg/L, in Sk (a) over circle ne County, southern Sweden, national recommendations were initiated in 1995 to limit the spread of pneumococci with high MICs (greater than or equal to0.5 mg/L) of penicillin (PRP), especially among children of preschoo

Assessing the results of modern cystic fibrosis (CF)-care and estimating the future population and its demography is important to evaluate the treatment regimens and to calculate the future needs of health-care resources.This paper updates previous incidence calculations. It assesses the results of modern CF-care in terms of survival and changing demography in Sweden. The incidence of CF in Sweden

The uterine arteries and arteries in the wall and core of myomas were examined with transvaginal color and spectral Doppler ultrasound in 28 premenopausal and 17 postmenopausal women with uterine myomas. Eighteen premenopausal women and 100 postmenopausal women without myomas served as the controls for uterine artery Doppler measurements. The respective median time-averaged maximum velocity and pu

The accuracy in determination of organ activity of Tc-99m was investigated, with activity estimated from gamma camera images of phantoms, using the, conjugate view method. The accuracy depends on several parameters such as the choice of background correction method, the accuracy in determination of the effective attenuation coefficient and the thickness of the body and organs and on the determinat

This article explores the intersection between the indiscernible forces of urbanisation and the materialisation of architectural form. Taking the design of architectural concept for an Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) at Råå in Sweden as an applied research project, the article argues that new techniques are needed to analyse interactions between artistic intentionality and indiscernible forces, and

Gene therapy approaches using viral vectors for the overexpression of target genes have been for several years the focus of gene therapy research against neurological disorders. These approaches deliver robust expression of therapeutic genes, but are typically limited to the delivery of single genes and often do not manipulate the expression of the endogenous locus. In the last years, the advent o