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Critical infrastructures must be both robust and resilient in order to ensure the functioning of society. A key activity in ensuring their proper function is finding and addressing system weaknesses by the means of risk and vulnerability analysis. A critical factor of such analysis is the ability to determine the negative consequences of various types of contingencies. Numerous mathematical and si
When rain falls on the city, it creates urban runoff that cause flooding, erosion, and water pollution. Municipal engineers manage a complex network of technical and natural systems to treat and remove these temporary water flows from cities as quickly as possible. Urban runoff is frequently discussed in terms of technical expertise and environmental management, but it encompasses a multitude of s
Microcapsules with specific functional properties, related to the capsule wall and core, are highly desired in a number of applications. In this study, hybrid cellulose microcapsules (1.2 ± 0.4 μm in diameter) were prepared by nanoengineering the outer walls of precursor capsules. Depending on the preparation route, capsules with different surface roughness (raspberry or broccoli-like), and thereb
A novel sequential Injection Immunoassay (SI I A) method Is described which utilizes Immunomagnetic beads to Investigate short-time antibody binding. The method Is versatile and flexible and may therefore be adapted to many different applications. Initial results for a competitive assay are also presented. The Immunomagnetic bead reactor Is created within the flowing stream by retaining Immunomagn
This paper discusses numerical and experimental studies of biomass micro scale particles motion in turbulent flows. The biomass micro size particles are extremely anisotropic and typically of irregular shape with sizes varying between 200–6000 μm in length and 125–1400 μm in diameter. Four different types of biomass micro size particles from different sources are applied. Ten different numerical m
Surveys and socio-professional studies carried out at national and international levels contribute to a better understanding of the lighting retrofit process. Within the framework of the International Energy Agency Task 50 - Advanced lighting solutions for retrofitting buildings- and its subtask C1 focusing on the analysis of workflows and needs, an online survey on lighting retrofit was initiated
Background. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) is characterized by over function of the parathyroid glands and disturbances in mineral metabolism as a result of renal failure. It is common among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and it often persists after successful renal transplantation. sHPT is associated with osteoporosis and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There are two mBackground. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) is characterized by over function of the parathyroid glands and disturbances in mineral metabolism as a result of renal failure. It is common among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and it often persists after successful renal transplantation. sHPT is associated with osteoporosis and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There are two m
Catalysts are used to produce a large fraction of the materials we use in our modern society. Avery famous example is the highly efficient catalysts that are used to fix nitrogen from the air intoartificial fertilizer salts. Without this catalytic process, it is difficult to imagine that we could feedthe current population of earth. Artificial fertilizers are, however, not the only product that usCobalt oxides are known to be active catalysts for a number of chemical reactions, but very little is known about the atomic scale processesresponsible for the activity. The research presented in this thesis is focused on obtaining an atomic scale understanding of the chemistry of wellcharacterizedcobalt oxide model catalyst surfaces consisting of pristine and defective CoO and Co3O4 thin films wi
Histological grade is one of the most commonly used prognostic factors for patients diagnosed with breast cancer. However, conventional grading has proven technically challenging, and up to 60% of the tumors are classified as histological grade 2, which represents a heterogeneous cohort less informative for clinical decision making. In an attempt to study and extend the molecular puzzle of histolo
The possibility that structural changes in international trade might impact countries differently has been a matter of great concern for many observers from the 1950s onwards, and the view that the specialisation pattern of a country in international trade matters for its economic performance has been widespread. This paper analyses the structural changes in international trade from the 1960s omwa
The concept of the FE is relevant in the EU VAT from the two main perspectives as regards the cross-border supplies of services: entitlement of the MS to tax the supply and distribution of VAT accounting obligations between the supplier and the customer. This influences VAT burden and cash flows of both the parties to the supply and the state in which the supply is subject to VAT. The concept is,
The initial part of this paper presents an overview of research conducted on switching costs and their implications. Different types of switching costs are identified and categorised according to available research and examples are given. Further, switching costs are with the help of previous research put in relation to various business actions we may encounter on an everyday basis and how they af
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is quickly moving from mere imagination to material reality. As I write, billions of dollars are flowing into this nascent industry from government, philanthropy, and venture capital; this thesis thus attempts to grasp history as it flies. By employing a Marxist theoretical approach, including concepts like the real subsumption of nature and the spatiotemporal fix, I d
Temporary migration to advanced countries from developing ones and its effects on host countries are important issues in contemporary demographic studies. Economic performance of return migrants from the U.S. in Mexico has been studied from the viewpoint of financial gains from working abroad. This paper looks into an impact of human capital accumulated through working in the U.S. on economic outc
