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Läkemedelssektorn i EU är en mycket komplicerad marknad med många aktörer med olika ekonomiska och politiska intressen. På grund av dessa intressen, marknadens struktur samt konkurrensrätten och patenträttens utformning i EU uppstår situationer där dessa intressen ställs till sin spets i så kallade pay-for-delay-överenskommelser. Dessa överenskommelser är en del av ett förlikningsavtal till följd The pharmaceutical market in the EU is very complex because of its many actors with different economic and political interests as well as its legal framework. Because of these interests, the market structure as well as the structure of EU competition law and patent law, various situations arise where so-called pay-for-delay agreements are pushing the framework to its limits. These agreements are a

För IT-konsulter, som spenderar mycket tid ute hos kund, är känslan av organisationstillhörighet inte självklar. Denna studie syftar därför till att undersöka hur en IT-konsult, som spenderar mycket tid ute hos kund, upplever att intranätets sociala funktioner kan främja organisationstillhörigheten den känner gentemot sitt konsultbolag. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats för att få en ökad förståels

Det här arbetet handlar om musikaliska ideal i rytmikundervisningen på högskolenivå. Följande frågor behandlas i arbetet: Vilken roll har musiken i rytmikundervisningen? Vilka musikaliska ideal beskrivs? Utifrån vilka kriterier väljer musikhögskolornas rytmikutbildningar musikmaterial i sin undervisning och hur ser materialet ut? Arbetet bygger på tre kvalitativa intervjuer som har genomförts med

In Part I, an electrification scheme was described and a simulation of an observed cold-based storm from the U.S. Great Plains was validated with electrical observations. Most charge in the storm was separated by rebounding collisions of secondary ice originating from prior graupel-snow collisions. In this Part II, sensitivity tests are performed with the control simulation (Part I) and influences

During the last few years, crowding effects on the physics of proteins has become an increasingly popular topic of research. This is is because most biological processes involving proteins naturally take place in a crowded environment, e.g. in the cellular environment where macromolecules may occupy 30% of the volume. One such biological process would be the formation of amyloid aggregates, which

Av alla gravida kvinnor i Sverige genomgår ca.97% ett rutinultraljud i graviditetens andra trimester. Indikationen är medicinsk, men undersökningen kan också medföra vissa psykologiska effekter på föräldrarna. Syftet med studien var att undersöka i vilken grad föräldrars tankar på sitt ofödda barn och den prenatala anknytningen påverkas av en rutinultraljudsundersökning i graviditetens andra trime

Av alla gravida kvinnor i Sverige genomgår ca.97% ett rutinultraljud i graviditetens andra trimester. Indikationen är medicinsk, men undersökningen kan också medföra vissa psykologiska effekter på föräldrarna. Syftet med studien var att undersöka i vilken grad föräldrars tankar på sitt ofödda barn och den prenatala anknytningen påverkas av en rutinultraljudsundersökning i graviditetens andra trime

Since the end of the 1990s, the number of fires increases dramatically in the city of Malmö. Between 1998 and 2009, the increase was 215 percent. A growing number of the fires are intentional and take place outdoors. Most of the fires are also concentrated in a limited number of neighborhoods. Furthermore, many schools are affected. Between 2000 and 2011, nearly 360 intentional fires occurred in s

Increasing demand for higher data rates in wireless communication systems has tremendously evolved over the last years. This demand is rapidly increasing with rising in number of wireless devices. Advanced antenna systems (AAS) – known as massive MIMO – is one of the central enabling radio technologies for 5G cellular systems that significantly increase the data rates provided for data-hungry appl

Background: Supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) carries an excessive mortality and morbidity. Although surgical ICH treatment can be life-saving, the indications for surgery in larger cohorts of ICH patients are controversial and not well defined. We hypothesised that surgical indications vary substantially among neurosurgical centres in Sweden. Objective: In this nation-wide retrospect

This thesis deals with estimation and classification problems of non-stationary processes in a few special cases.In paper A and paper D we make strong assumptions about the observed signal, where a specific model is assumed and the parameters of the model are estimated.In Paper B, Paper C, and Paper E more general assumptions about the structure of the observed processes are made, and the methods

Introduction: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established treatment for heart failure in selected patients. However, current guideline indications do not accurately predict individual prognosis with CRT, and up to 30% are nonresponders. Previous studies have shown that QRS area reduction following CRT is associated with improved survival. This study evaluates the incremental value of

Background and Aims: Substance use disorder (SUD) is related to widespread adverse consequences, including higher suicidality. Shared genetic liability has been demonstrated between SUD and suicidality. Here, we measured the factors that contribute to increased risk of non-fatal suicide attempt among individuals with SUD by focusing upon aggregate genetic risks and both childhood and past-year env

UNLABELLED: To clarify the role of the TNFRSF11B gene encoding osteoprotegerin (OPG), in Paget's disease of bone (PDB) we studied TNFRSF11B polymorphisms in an association study of 690 UK subjects and in a worldwide familial study of 66 kindreds. We found that the G1181 allele of TNFRSF11B, encoding lysine at codon 3 of the OPG protein, predisposes to both sporadic and familial PDB.INTRODUCTION: P

AbstractObjectives: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) have higher risk of serious infections than healthy individuals due to their illness, comorbidities and treatments. Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for 30-50% of community aquired pneumonia in Europe.The proportion of patients with IRD receiving vaccination against pneumococci is still estimated to be suboptimal. The

Background: Knee arthroscopy is one of the most common surgical procedures worldwide and the number of arthroscopies has substantially increased in the last 30 years. Thus, our aim was to provide updated estimates on the risk of complications and compare it with the background risk in the general population. Methods: We identified patients aged 15-84 years with knee arthroscopy in the years 2005-2

Context. The HD 15337 (TIC 120896927, TOI-402) system was observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), revealing the presence of two short-period planets situated on opposite sides of the radius gap. This offers an excellent opportunity to study theories of formation and evolution, as well as to investigate internal composition and atmospheric evaporation. Aims. We aim to constrai

Background: There is little agreement on clinically useful criteria for identifying real-world responders to biologic treatments for asthma. Objective: To investigate the impact of pre-biologic impairment on meeting domain-specific biologic responder definitions in adults with severe asthma. Methods: This was a longitudinal, cohort study across 22 countries participating in the International Sever

Kapitlet fokuserar på barn i familjer som sökt asyl i Sverige. Med en utvecklingspsykologisk utgångspunkt adresseras barnens situation och konsekvenserna för deras utveckling och välbefinnande av ett otillräckligt skydd och stöd. Med ett rättighetsbaserat perspektiv diskuteras barnens folkrättsliga skydd samt hur detta upprätthålls i Sverige. Vi avslutar med en reflektion kring prioriteringar fram

Purpose: Electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) are used postoperatively to detect complications through real-time symptom monitoring. This study examines whether alerts triggered through the “Recovery Tracker” (RT), an ePRO system, predict 30-day re-admission or re-operation after lumpectomy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed breast cancer patients who underwent lumpectomy at a single in