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Introduction: Dental caries among preschool children is a global problem, a burden on children’s well-being, and an economic burden on healthcare systems. In Sweden, preschool children with an immigrant background have a higher prevalence of caries. Extensive treatment need and long-standing poor oral health may require dental treatment within hospital care. This study aimed to investigate whether

In this project, morphological differences between motion detector neurons in Drosophila melanogaster were compared and used to speculate regarding their function. This was achieved by comparing properties such as diameter, height, width, bifurcation, asymmetry and terminal degree. To assist in the comparison, neurons were also visualized in 3D to identify structural differences. It was found that

Problem: The Chinese WEEE recycling market is today operated mostly by the informal sector. As this sector eludes the insufficiently enforced environmental laws the e-waste is recycled by means not only harmful to the environment and people working with the recycling process, but it also utilizes methods that do not recover valuable materials in a sound and efficient way. Many companies stand read

Extant research within the entrepreneurial marketing field has typically focused on the migration away from traditional marketing concepts while mostly ignoring the inclusion of branding as a fundamental principle of marketing. This paper is specifically interested in the often overlooked element of a young firm’s ability (or lack thereof) to control its brand and brand identity as perceived by it

Control of the dissemination of pathogens in the food production chain is an on-going process with new challenges emerging as pathogenic bacteria evolve and express enhanced virulence characteristics. Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes are two notorious pathogens responsible for staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) and listeriosis: a foodborne intoxication and an infectious disease re

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are clinically approved for mRNA-based vaccines and liver-targeted siRNA delivery. However, poor nucleic acid delivery efficiency limits their application in extrahepatic tissues and tumors. Here, using live-cell and super-resolution microscopy, we identify multiple distinct steps of inefficiencies in the cytosolic delivery of both siRNA and mRNA cargoes. Membrane damage

Background: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with prostate specific membrane antigen ligands (PSMA) is established for use in primary staging of prostate cancer to screen for metastases. It has also shown promise in local tumor staging, including detection of extraprostatic extension (EPE) and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI). Previous studies have shown high heterogeneity i

ObjectivesFrequent blood sampling in vulnerable patient groups, such as prematurely born infants, can lead to significant blood loss and increased transfusion needs. Current pre-analytical technology requires comparably large blood volumes and leads to discarding of cells. This study investigates a device prototype enabling in-line sampling where cell-reduced plasma for clinical chemistry analyses

Purpose: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is used to evaluate kidney function. Creatinine and cystatin C levels C are the two endogenous substances used to estimate GFR (eGFRCR and eGFRCYS). Agreement between the two is reflected by the eGFRCYS/eGFRCR-ratio, and an eGFRCYS/eGFRCR-ratio <0.70 is strongly associated with mortality and morbidity. An explanation is a selective decrease in the filtrati

Background When the lectinlike oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox LDL) receptor-1 ( LOX -1), a scavenger receptor for ox LDL , binds ox LDL , processes leading to endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are promoted. We aimed to study release mechanisms of LOX -1 and how circulating levels of soluble LOX -1 ( sLOX -1) relate to plaque inflammation and future risk for ischemic stroke. Methods an

This thesis includes two different parts: One focusing on how to induce human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to differentiate into insulin producing cells by following the normal pancreatic development pathway. These cells have then the potential to be an unlimited source for diabetes regenerative medicine. The second part of the thesis deals with how embryonic stem cells rid themselves of damaged p

Aquaglyceroporin 7 (AQP7) facilitates glycerol flux across the plasma membrane with a critical physiological role linked to metabolism, obesity, and associated diseases. Here, we present the single-particle cryo-EM structure of AQP7 determined at 2.55 Å resolution adopting two adhering tetramers, stabilized by extracellularly exposed loops, in a configuration like that of the well-characterized in

Every living organism is made up of cells, the smallest structural and functional unit of life. These organisms can further be classified on the basis of cell number as single-cell or multi-cell organism. Over time these primitive organisms have evolved leading to the formation of more complex machinery in higher organism. While it is tough and tedious to calculate the exact number of cells in theWater is an essential compoment of every living orgamism and forms a major part of the human body. Regulated water transport is crucial for proper cell functioning and body homeostasis. Cell, the smallest structural and functional unit of life, uses specialized water conducting pores made up of proteins to transport water across the plasma membrane by facilitated diffusion.The discovery of one of

Background:In early breast cancer, five histopathological biomarkers are part of current clinical routines and used for determining prognosis and treatment: estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2/HER2), Ki67, and Nottingham histological grade (NHG). We aimed to develop classifiers for these biomarkers based on tumor mRNA-sequencing (RNA

Variation of the blood content of the pulmonary vascular bed during a heartbeat can be quantified by pulmonary blood volume variation (PBVV) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim was to evaluate if PBVV differs in patients with heart failure compared to healthy controls and investigate the mechanisms behind the PBVV. Forty-six patients and 10 controls underwent MRI. PBVV was calculated f

As observed in earlier studies, there is evidently a performance gap between the predicted annual energy use from building performance simulations basedon traditional deterministic methods compared to the monitored annual energy use of a building. The hypothesis is that using a probabilistic method makes it possible to consider the uncertainties in the input data and quantify the overall uncertainAs observed in earlier studies, there is evidently a performance gap between the predicted annual energy use from building performance simulations based on traditional deterministic methods compared to the monitored annual energy use of a building. The hypothesis is that using a probabilistic method makes it possible to consider the uncertainties in the input data and quantify the overall uncertai

Nanoplastics have been proven to induce toxicity in diverse organisms, yet their effect on soil microbes like bacteria and fungi remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we used micro-engineered soil models to investigate the effect of polystyrene (PS) nanospheres on Pseudomonas putida and Coprinopsis cinerea. Specifically, we explored the effects of increasing concentrations of 60 nm carboxylat