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Background: Hydroxyethyl starches have been withdrawn from the European market. In Sweden, dextran was the main colloid until 2000, when starches overtook the market. After the recent 6S-trial, it was suggested that dextran could be reinstituted, but concerns for greater coagulopathy, bleeding and anaphylaxis still remain. An experimental study from our department indicated that isovolemic substi

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning:Dagens datorer har krympt i storlek i takt med den ständigt ökande kompetensen att tillverka transistorer med en anmärkningsvärd noggrannhet. Storleksskalan av nya transistorer börjar motsvara den av en handfull atomer.På denna skala dominerar kvantfysik, vilket är ett väsentligt hinder för de traditionella datorkomponenterna. Men detta innebär inte bara en begräThe work contained in this thesis deals with two closely related topics. Papers I-III deal with charge transport statistics in nanoscale devices to investigate the presence of entanglement in the constituent electrons. We identify the contributions of entangled electron pairs to the current cross-correlations as a signature of entanglement. Paper IV treats the electric control of a quantum dot bas

As our knowledge of diseases and the development of new technologies increases,many health problems that were lethal in the past can now be cured. Couple thisto better life quality and improved medical care, we are seeing an increase in theaverage life expectancy. The downside to this, however, is that diseases that developwith age are becoming more common. There is currently an estimated 47 milliCerebral senile plaque is one of the main pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The amyloid cascade hypothesis suggests that the aggregation of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide is involved in the pathogenesis of AD, which is supported by the fact that Abeta overexpression or production of more aggregation-prone variants lead to early-onset dementia. In this work, we mainly studied the in vitro Abet

The assumption underlying this thesis is that both technological development and institutional and structural change are required to achieve a more sustainable building sector in China. Earlier literature has taken an approach based on the technological innovation system (TIS) to evaluate and understand the dynamics of technology development and change processes. However, fewer studies have examin

Syftet med föreliggande studie är att ta fram en prototyp till en ny genera-tion ledningssystem för skola och förskola. Det nya ledningssystemet ska möjliggöra ett systematiskt utvecklingsarbete, vilket krävs i den nya skol-lagen. Bakgrunden till projektet är de dramatiska förändringar som skolan och förskolan gått igenom under de senaste decennierna. Under samma pe-riod har skolans och förskolansIn this report a new method, a Development laboratory (D-lab), has been used. From the D-lab a prototype for e new Decision Support System for school managers evolved, that helped to adress problems with Management by Objectives (MBO) in local school organisations. In the report critique is raised against the way MBO has been used in school management. As a conclusion, a systematic development mod

Popular Abstract in English Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a cancer caused by uncontrolled cell growth in colon or rectum. CRC is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer related death in the world. It is a multifactorial disease, both genetic predisposition and environmental play a role in the development of CRC. CRC is closely linked to chronic inflammation. Patients with Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. People suffering from inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohns’ disease and ulcerative colitis, are at an increased risk of developing CRC. The development of CRC is highly influenced by the tumour microenvironment. Tumour cells are able to recruit macrophages and change their beh

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna studie fokuserar på reproduktionskostnader och de energetiska taktiker som en reproducerande individ kan utnyttja för att tillfredsställa det ökade behovet av energi och näring under reproduktionen. Reproduktionskostnader har traditionellt definierats som reduktioner av den framtida potentiella produktionen av avkomma, orsakade av en nuvarande reproduktiv investerThis study focuses on various aspects of costs of reproduction and the evolution of energetic breeding tactics. It emphasizes the distinction between demographic costs of reproduction expressed already before current offspring have reached independence (prebreeding costs), and costs expressed only after offspring independence (postbreeding costs). Prebreeding costs have only rarely been appreciate

Popular Abstract in Swedish Depression är ett allvarligt och potentiellt förödande hälsoproblem som drabbar flera miljontals människor i världen. Trots framsteg inom depressionsforskningen återstår flera frågor kring varför vissa individer upplever depression, och andra inte, och varför vissa blir hjälpta av behandling, och andra inte. Den forskning som rapporteras här tar som utgångspunkt hypotesDepression is a serious and potentially devastating health problem, impacting millions of individuals worldwide. Although advances have been made in depression research, there remain a number of outstanding questions as to why certain individuals experience depression and why some respond to treatment and others do not. The present research takes a starting-point in the hypothesis that the existen

Popular Abstract in SwedishEn del av Ortonys teorimodell angående den kognitiva strukturen hos emotioner testades på svenska gymnasieelever. Den del av teorin som användes i föreliggande studie handlade om de emotioner som tillskrivs den som utfört s.k. orätta handlingar. De eventuella känslor som man får när man utfört en orätt handling kallar Ortony för "self reproach" emotioner. Detta begrepp sThe purpose of this study was to test parts of Ortony's theoretical model relating to the cognitive structure of emotions in Swedish upper secondary school students. That part of the model, which was appropriate for the present study, deals with emotions attributed to the person who has perpetrated what is referred to as blameworthy actions. Ortony calls the possible emotions that you experience w

Popular Abstract in English The two most used building materials in harbor structures are undoubtedly steel and concrete. These two materials are often combined in the structures of wharfs and quays where most steel sheet pile walls have cap beams of reinforced concrete. The degradation processes of these structures must be taken into account both when designing new structures and when inspecting The two most used building materials in harbor structures are undoubtedly steel and concrete. These two materials are often combined in the structures of wharfs and quays where the steel sheet pile walls often have cap beams of reinforced concrete. The degradation processes of these structures must be taken into account both when designing new structures and when inspecting existing harbor structu

Popular Abstract in Swedish Jungfru Marie nycklar och skogsnycklar: systematik, evolution och invandringshistoria Jungfru Marie nycklar (ssp. maculata) och skogsnycklar (ssp. fuchsii) bildar tillsammans ett mångformigt och vittspritt artkomplex inom det eurasiska orkidésläktet Dactylorhiza. I min avhandling har jag kommit fram till flera allmänna och biologiskt viktiga slutsatser rörande artbildnThe aim of this thesis was to investigate and describe different aspects of variation in the Dactylorhiza maculata complex and to relate the variation patterns to underlying biological processes such as Quaternary migration history, hybridization and polyploid evolution. The variation patterns were analysed at various geographic levels using molecular markers (plastid DNA and ITS of nrDNA), cytolo

Popular Abstract in Swedish I takt med att resultaten för behandling av cancer hos barn och ungdomar blivit bättre, har kraven på en god livskvalitet efter avslutad behandling ökat. Man beräknar att år 2005 kommer 1/700 unga vuxna mellan 25-35 års ålder att vara långtidsöverlevande efter barncancer. Mer än 2/3 av dem som behandlats kommer att ha någon form av sena biverkningar, och hos hälften av Evaluation of long-term side effects of treatment is important due to the growing number of childhood cancer survivors. How kidney function is affected over time needs to be clarified. In the first article, we investigated 247 healthy infants and children and established upper reference limits for several proteins in urine, to be used as markers for glomerular and tubular proteinuria in children w

Popular Abstract in English Where are we? And what are all the things we have around us? These are questions that we ask as children when we start to discover the world around us. But just because we grow up does not mean that we find the answers to those questions. Around us, we see things as red buses, blue oceans and yellow flowers. But according to science, it is not these things that we fundaA metal nanoparticle can be considered as consisting of a base of positive ion cores and a sea of free electrons. When the free electrons are displaced, for example, by an incident electric field, a restoring force acts on the electrons. The electrons may then oscillate back and forth until equilibrium is reached. This oscillation occurs at the natural frequency, or eigenfrequency, of the system.

Barefoot doctor system is an important part of primary health care policy changes in China after the founding of New China, is a special viewpoint to study the special period of grassroots political change. Why medical care’s come into the sight of top leaders at that time? What does medical care system mean to modern state building? There may be a certain natural link between the body and the nat

Under åren 1965-1974 genomfördes en omfattande bostadsproduktion i Sverige som betecknas miljonprogrammet. Då byggdes en miljon bostäder runtom i landet. Idag finns behov av att renovera dessa bostäder. I samband med det kan energisparåtgärder genomföras för att minska energianvändningen. Detta kan uppfyllas genom att åtgärda otäta väggar och byta ut äldre fönster som medför oönskade värmeförlusteIn order to maintain a good indoor environment, air pollutants such as moisture need to be removed by the ventilation. Among the Swedish Public Health Agency's general advices for ventilation and indoor environment, 3 g/m3 is a guideline value for moisture excess during winter months to not pose a risk to human health. The indoor climate parameters moisture excess, relative humidity and air va

This thesis would like to explore how people who are part of marginalized groups share their experiences through the podcast format and analyze how people, who do not necessarily identify themselves with one or all the groups discussed in the podcast, relate to the information shared by the guest on the platform. Podcasts can provide essential insights into how marginalized groups use technology t

En av de viktigaste frågorna för bolag gäller möjligheter till förlustutjämning, dvs. kvittning av en förlust som redovisats för ett beskattningsår mot inkomst för ett annat beskattningsår. Genom möjligheten till förlustutjämning kommer den skatteskyldige att beskattas för en genomsnittsinkomst i stället för de enskilda beskattningsårens varierande resultat. Möjligheter till förlustutjämning medOne of the most important concerns for a company is balancing loss, i.e. loss reported for one year, against future profits in following years. Through the possibility of loss compensation, the taxpayer will be taxed for an average income instead of the varying results of individual tax years. Loss balancing begets a problem - that it can be used for tax evasion. A new company owner can pay less

Human desires when consuming food are nowadays shifting towards more healthy, and natural food. Products with food particles are commonly well perceived by consumers. Among them, one can find yoghurt with fruit pieces or cereals. To process these products, and satisfy the user expectations, some challenging conditions must be faced. Some of these, are explored in this Master Thesis.

Title: Two brands - one unexpected collaboration: a case study on driving factors in co-branding. Authors: Jonathan Malmsten, Hugo Röken och Konrad Sahlberg Advisor: Annette Cerne Purpose: Through a case study of the co-branding between Chimi and Kalles, this study wants to find explanations as to why a collaboration arises between two brands within different product categories and with differe