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Questions: How do mat thickness, physical structure and allelopathic properties of terricolous mat-forming lichens affect recruitment of vascular plants in dwarf-shrub and lichen heath vegetation?. Location: The mountains of Dovrefjell, central Norway. Methods: In autumn, seeds of ten vascular plant species were collected and sown in a common garden experiment with mats of six lichen species and b
Seed dormancy is considered to be an adaptive strategy in seasonal and/or unpredictable environments because it prevents germination during climatically favorable periods that are too short for seedling establishment. Tropical dry forests are seasonal environments where seed dormancy may play an important role in plant resilience and resistance to changing precipitation patterns. We studied the ge
Premise of the Study: Turnover in biotic communities across heterogeneous landscapes is expected to lead to variation in interactions among plants, their mutualists, and their antagonists. Across a fragmented landscape in northern Costa Rica, populations of the euphorb vine Dalechampia scandens vary widely in mating systems and associated blossom traits. Previous work suggested that populations ar
In the event of a community turnover, population decline, or complete disappearance of pollinators, animal-pollinated plants may respond by adapting to novel pollinators or by changing their mating system. The ability of populations to adapt is determined by their ability to respond to novel selection pressures, i.e. their evolvability. In the short term, evolvability is determined by standing gen
The spread of invasive, particularily bird-sown and red-fruited, non-native woody species in open calcareous conifer forests in Sweden is discussed and examplified with a survey of pine forests by Åhus in E Scania, southern-most Sweden. The survey area is a pine forest planted ca 100 years ago on calcareous sanddunes within which an area with private homes with gardens was built in the 1960’s to 1
During the period from 2011 to 2013, a group from Mossornas Vänner made a field survey of bryophyte flora of Stora alvaret situated on island Öland in the Baltic Sea. The result of the survey was published in Journal of Bryology 2018 (see the reference at the end of the article). We analysed the occurrence of bryophyte species and variation in species richness across 674 plats (0.5 m x 0.5 m) in a
This chapter establishes four evaluative themes that will be employed across this volume to analyze the institutional complexity of policy fields in the climate-energy nexus: coherence, management, legitimacy, and effectiveness. Coherence among institutions is conceptualized along four dimensions: convergence on an overarching core norm for the policy field, balanced coverage and distribution of m
Palaearctic steppes evolved under the Cenozoic cold arid climate and megaherbivore pressure. A large portion of the biome persisted into the Holocene but has recently been subjected to human land use alternation. Pseudophilotes bavius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is a steppe specialist sporadically distributed in Eastern Europe and Pontic-Caspian region (from Transylvania to Southern Urals), the Balk
Northern Yellowstone Lake is on the southeast edge of the 631-ka Yellowstone caldera and is an area with high heat flow, high seismicity, and an abundance of active hydrothermal features and structures. Several large hydrothermal explosions since the last glacial recession formed craters of more than 100 m in diameter. These large craters raise the question on how climate and hydrological changes
Alloimmunization against human platelet antigen (HPA)-1a during pregnancy can cause foetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) and severe bleeding in the foetus or newborn and likely depends on several factors. HPA-1a alloimmunization is associated with DRB3*01:01, which is associated with several DR-DQ haplotypes. However, it is not known to what extent these haplotypes contribute to the
The potential role of introgression in evolution has gained increased interest in recent years. Although some fascinating examples have been reported, more information is needed to generalize the importance of hybridization and introgression for adaptive divergence. As limited data exist on haploid dominant species, we analyzed genomes of three subspecies of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. We
A new project based on continuous bi-annual surveys of hectare plots is introduced with the aim to monitor future floristic changes as well as environmental conditions that may be assessed based on species-specific plant traits or ecological indicator values. As a trade-off between the needs for representativeness at the landscape scale and field work efficiency, the hectare plots have been placed
Agricultural landscapes across the planet have replaced natural habitat with crop production that is less diverse at field and landscape scales. Loss of cropland heterogeneity can increase pest colonization rates and decrease predation rates, thereby exacerbating pest pressure and leading to increased use of pesticides. Linking landscape pattern, crop pest pressure, and pesticide use is emerging a
Celebrated by some as a ‘new’ mode of governance (Sabel and Zeitlin 2008) and experimentalist architecture (Sabel and Zeitlin 2010), and denigrated by others as a ‘red herring’ (Idema and Keleman 2006), the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) connects with major themes in EU politics and public policy, namely the Europe 2020 strategy for economic growth and competitiveness, the transformation of the
Priming mice with a chicken gamma globulin (CGG) carrier protein significantly accelerated the onset of somatic mutation in the V chi Ox1 gene when the mice were subsequently immunized with 2-phenyl-5-oxazolone (phOx) coupled to CGG. The first mutations were already detected 7 days after immunization, while in the true primary response, they are not apparent until day 10. It was also found that co
