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Background: Unambiguous interpretation of ordered rating scale response categories requires distinct meanings of category labels. Also, summation of item responses into total scores assumes equal intervals between categories. While studies have identified problems with rating scale response category functioning there is a paucity of empirical studies regarding how respondents interpret response ca

Background: Clinical trial participants may be temporarily absent or withdraw from trials, leading to missing data. In intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses, several approaches are used for handling the missing information - complete case (CC) analysis, mixed-effects model (MM) analysis, last observation carried forward (LOCF) and multiple imputation (MI). This report discusses the consequences of app

According to the Substituted Judgment Standard a surrogate decision maker ought to make the decision that the incompetent patient would have made, had he or she been competent. This standard has received a fair amount of criticism, but the objections raised are often wide of the mark. In this article we discuss three objections based on empirical research, and explain why these do not give us reas

To improve compliance with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening in low compliance areas, individually tailored invitations were developed in collaboration with a professional advertising agency. Compliance increased in two intervention municipalities from 71.4% in 2010-2012 to 78.1% in 2013 (p = 0.025), and was then higher [odds ratio 1.7; 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.6; p = 0.013] than in t

From a public database in Sweden we obtained a subject pool consisting of one group of 20 years old and another group exactly 50 years older. The groups participated in a mail-based trust game, in which the young cohort exhibited more trust than the older one. Subjects significantly preferred to place trust in co-players of their own cohort and of the female sex. When amounts sent and proportions

The objective of this study was to describe environmental barriers and investigate the nature of accessibility problems in housing among single-living, very old people (N = 1,150) in urban regions in three European countries (Sweden, Germany, Latvia), in a one-year perspective. A specific feature of this study is the explicit conceptual differentiation between environmental barriers and accessibil

I Malmö stad, stadsområdesförvaltning norr, före detta stadsdelsförvaltning Centrum, pågår sedan 2011 projektet förstärkt hemtjänst. Förstärkt hemtjänst är ett alternativ till korttidsboende, vilket innebär att brukaren under en kortare tidsperiod får extra stöd och hjälp i hemmet. Det övergripande syftet med detta dokument har varit att utvärdera projektet förstärkt hemtjänst i stadsdel Centrum

In this article we take the classic meaning of exemplum as a point of departure to show how examples are marked and used in oral discourse on 'others'. The empirical material is a transcribed focus group interview with Swedish students talking about a trip to Warsaw. Examples may be marked in explicit ways but also in implicit ways. Some examples seem recognizable by their allusive nature, others

BACKGROUND: The way GPs work does not appear to be adapted to the needs of depressive patients. Therefore we wanted to examine Swedish GPs' conceptions of depressive disorders and their treatment and GPs' ideas of factors that may influence their manner of work with depressive patients. METHODS: A postal questionnaire to a stratified sample of 617 Swedish GPs. RESULTS: Most respondents assumed ant

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether or not ethical conflicts can be identified, analysed and solved using ethical principles. The relation between the physician and the patient with ischemic heart disease (IHD) as life style changes are recommended in a secondary prevention program is used as an example. The principal persons affected (the patient and his or her spouse) and the ethical

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ta ett djupt andetag och tänk på vad du nu har i lungorna! Jo, det är luft, förstås, syre kväve och sådant. Men det är också något annat. I varje kubikcentimeter du andas in finns tusentals partiklar, alla för små för att kunna ses med blotta ögat. Om dessa partiklar handlar denna avhandling. Vi kallar luftburna partiklar för aerosoler, ett begrepp som innefattar allt Airborne particles are everywhere around us, and have always been. Particles generated by human activities has increased drastically since industrialization, and several epidemiological studies have shown that inhaled particles can cause adverse health effects. The concern about health effects have during the last decade shifted towards fine and ultrafine particles, not least due to the emerging f

Abstract Objective. Several studies indicate that ethnicity may be a strong predictor of poor self-rated health (SRH). The aims of the present study were to investigate whether there was an association between ethnicity and poor SRH in subjects with type 2 diabetes and to determine if the association remained after adjusting for possible confounders such as age, gender employment, marital status,

Lung cancer (LC) generally lacks unique core symptoms or signs. However, there are a multitude of bodily sensations that are often non-specific, not easily understood, and many times initially not recognized as indicative of LC by the affected person, which often leads to late diagnosis. In this international qualitative study, we inductively analyzed retrospective accounts of 61 people diagnosed

Den europeiska stålindustrin står för en betydande del av EUs CO2-utsläpp, men har samtidigt begränsade möjligheter att minska utsläppen från befintliga produktionsmetoder. Det krävs därför nya, banbrytande processinnovationer för att åstadkomma verkligt stora utsläppsminskningar. Denna rapport ger en översiktlig beskrivning av den europeiska stålindustrin teknologiska innovationssystem, belyst geThe EU steel industry is a major contributor to human-induced CO2 emissions and has limited possibilities to improve incumbent production methods further. The industry is therefore strongly dependent on new breakthrough decarbonisation technologies in order to further mitigate emissions. This report provides an overview of the EU steel industry’s technological innovation system, through a new mapp

B-uppsatsen Det oberoende skapandet – en studie av indiespel som produkt av DIY i ett postmodernt samhälle är författad av Magnus Johansson och Henrik Vilén i Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, vid Institutionen för kommunikation och medier, Lunds universitet. Uppsatsen undersöker fenomenet och videospelsgenren indiespel, med fokus på två spel; I Wanna Be The Guy och Journey. Indiespel är skapade

Kollektivtrafiken skapar nytta för både privatpersoner och samhället i stort, och bidrar med bemötandet av en rad samhällsmål relaterade till miljö, transportsäkerhet och tillgängliga transportlösningar. För att tillåta fortsatt utveckling av en konkurrenskraftig kollektivtrafik i Sverige, kartläggs och analyseras trender, utmaningar och utvecklingsmöjligheter. Kollektivtrafiken utmanas av bland Public transportation systems provide accessible transport options for all citizens, reducing environmental impact by lowering emissions, improving traffic safety, and promoting social equity and public health. It plays a crucial role in achieving national goals related to sustainable development and climate change mitigation. However, in its aim to increase competitiveness to other modes of trans

I takt med att världen globaliseras allt mer uppstår också nya typer av utma-ningar. Skatteplanering och skatteflykt orsakar idag stor skada på länders skattebas. För att motverka detta har OECD sedan 2013 arbetat med ett pro-jekt som kallas för BEPS (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting). BEPS består av 15 åtgärder för att motverka erodering av skattebasen och vinstallokering. Projektet har beskrivitAs the world becomes increasingly globalized, new types of challenges arise. Tax planning and tax evasion continue to cause significant harm to the tax bases of countries. To combat this, the OECD has been working on a project called BEPS (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting) since 2013. BEPS consists of 15 actions aimed at countering the erosion of the tax base and profit shifting. The project has b