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Photobiology -- the science of light and life -- begins with basic principles and the physics of light and continues with general photobiological research methods, such as generation of light, measurement of light, and action spectroscopy. In an interdisciplinary way, it then treats how organisms tune their pigments and structures to the wavelength components of light, and how light is registered

The question at stake is to what extent could the Hungarian intelligentsia, here foremost represented by the author and political thinker József Eötvös, in the beginning of the 19th century, take in the ideas of the Enlightment and its notion of equality. By studying Eötvös' highly political novel "Village Notary" some conclusions are made regarding how Rousseau's political philosophy was understo

Abstract in UndeterminedThe make-or-buy decision is analyzed in a simple framework combining contractual incompleteness with the existence of an imperfect but contractible performance measure. Contractual incompleteness gives rise to two regimes, identified with make and buy. The performance measure on which comprehensive contracts can be written is imperfect in the sense of being subject to manip

Popular Abstract in Swedish Trastsångarnas MHC gener i klarspråk Inuti kroppen ser vi väldigt lika ut allihop; men om mina njurar skulle sluta att fungera är det inte alls säkert att just du kan donera en njure till mig. Detta beror på att våra transplantations-gener eller s.k. MHC- (Major Histocompatibility Complex) gener är olika, och vid en transplantation måste många av donatorns och mottagarIn vertebrates the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) plays a central role in the specific immune defence against various pathogens. Compared with other coding genes the MHC genes exhibit an extremely high level of polymorphism that is maintained by balancing selection. The importance in the immune defence and the polymorphism make these genes interesting to study from an ecological and evolut

Engagement in foreign markets can have an impact on firm organization and on the type of occupations that a firm needs. We examine the effect of globalization on the occupational mix using detailed Swedish data that cover all firms and a representative sample of the labor force for 1997-2005. We find a robust relationship between a firm’s degree of international integration and its occupational mi

The APARCH model is a generalization of the GARCH model that attempts to capture asymmetric responses of returns and of volatility to positive and negative `news shocks' -the phenomenon known as the leverage effect. Despite its potential, the model's mathematical properties have not yet been fully investigated. While the capacity of the model to account for the leverage effect is clear from its de

Discussion of transparency and indexes of corruption and their effect on the growing anti-corruption movement. Trust in numbers may lead to opacity rather than transparency

This work provides a game theoretical analysis of the classical idea of a social contract. According to what we might call the Hobbesian justification of the state, coercion is necessary in order to provide people with basic security and to enable them to successfully engage in mutually beneficial cooperation. The establishment and maintenance of a central coercive power, i.e. a state, can therefo

This chapter explores the connections between the concepts of sustainable urban transformation and the green urban economy, proposes a framework for understanding how these concepts “fit” together, and makes some practical suggestions for local governments (and national and international policy).

Nordugrid offers reliable grid services for academic users over an increasing set of computing & storage resources spanning through the Nordic countries Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. A small group of scientists has already been using the Nordugrid as their daily computing utility. In the near future we expect a rapid growth both in the number of active users and available resources than