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Insulin-independent diabetes mellitus is often accompanied by manifestations of autoimmunity and is frequently associated with certain HLA haplotypes, predominantly DR3 and DR4. Because the major histocompatibility antigens are important determinants of the immune response in various tissues, we have investigated their expression on the pancreatic islet cells. Human, mouse, or rat islets of Langer
The role of auditory feedback in vocal production has mainly been investigated by altered auditory feedback (AAF) in real time. In response, speakers compensate by shifting their speech output in the opposite direction. Current theory suggests this is caused by a mismatch between expected and observed feedback. A methodological issue is the difficulty to fully isolate the speaker’s hearing so that
How did human symbolic behavior evolve? Dating up to about 100,000 y ago, the engraved ochre and ostrich eggshell fragments from the South African Blombos Cave and Diepkloof Rock Shelter provide a unique window into presumed early symbolic traditions of Homo sapiens and how they evolved over a period of more than 30,000 y. Using the engravings as stimuli, we report five experiments which suggest t
Medellivslängden ökar och är idag över 80 år i 34 av världens länder, jämfört med i 19 länder år 2005. Detta ärpositivt, men den åldrande befolkningens hälsa är också en samhällsutmaning inte minst för välfärdssystemen.Hälso- och sjukvården riskerar blir särskilt belastad med allt fler vårdsökande äldre. Yrkesgrupperna inom hälsoochsjukvården har dessutom en hög medelålder och är samtidigt bland d
The study makes an inventory of learning opportunities young people were offered in connection with CEI 2016, one of the annual international conferences organized by the NGO named Caretakers of the Environment International (CEI), which year 2016 took place in Aalborg in Denmark. The learning opportunities offered by this transnational learning community are discussed in relation to some essenti
A large literature documents how intergenerational mobility—the degree to which (dis)advantage is passed on from parents to children—varies across and within countries. Less is known about the origin or persistence of such differences. We show that US areas populated by descendants to European immigrants have similar levels of income equality and mobility as the countries their forebears came from
We report the use of multinodal acoustic trapping for high throughput and high capacity capturing of EV's (extracellular vesicles) for quantitative mass spectrometry analysis. The multinode trapping unit was shown to isolate sufficient amount of EV's from dilute biological samples (urine and cell culture supernatant) at flow rates of 500 ul/min within minutes, enabling EV proteome profiling. This
Cells of the exocrine pancreas produce digestive enzymes potentially harmful to the intestinal mucosa. Dopamine has been reported to protect against mucosal injury. In looking for the source of dopamine in the small intestine, we found that the duodenal juice contains high levels of dopamine and that the pancreas itself has a high dopamine [and dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa)] content that does not
Lanthipeptides are ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified polycyclic peptides. Lanthipeptides that have antimicrobial activity are known as lantibiotics. Accordingly, the discovery of novel lantibiotics constitutes a possible solution for the problem of antibiotic resistance. We utilized the publicly available genome sequences and the bioinformatic tools tailored for the detecti
Purpose: Elevated copeptin, a vasopressin marker, is linked to metabolic disease, and obese rats with low-vasopressin concentration had a decreased risk of liver steatosis. We here investigated the association between copeptin and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and possible differences in copeptin concentration between ethnicities. Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 361 South Afri
Popular Abstract in Swedish Ett bröstmjölksprotein som dödar tumörceller Denna avhandling beskriver den tumörcell- och bakteriedödande effekten av ett proteinkomplex från bröstmjölk. Proteinkomplexet, en veckningsvariant av humant alfa-laktalbumin, inducerar apoptos (programmerad celldöd) i tumörceller och visar sig ha liknande effekter även mot bakterier. Amning förser inte bara barnet med optiHuman milk contains a vast array of bioactive molecules, with nutritional and protective functions. This thesis describes the effects of a human milk protein complex, MAL, on tumour cells and bacteria. During our studies on the anti-adhesive properties of human milk we observed that a milk fraction killed tumour cells. The morphology of the cells indicated apoptotic cell death and this was verifie
It is now established that native language affects one's perception of the world. However, it is unknown whether this effect is merely driven by conscious, language-based evaluation of the environment or whether it reflects fundamental differences in perceptual processing between individuals speaking different languages. Using brain potentials, we demonstrate that the existence in Greek of 2 color
Vid tiden för Göteborgs 400-årsjubileum var ordet trygghet på många av göteborgarnas läppar. Göteborgs Stad hade sedan några år inlett ett tydligt fokus på att försöka öka invånarnas trygghet genom projekt som ”Trygg i Göteborg” och genom polisiära insatser för att minska den organiserade brottsligheten. Med tanke på sådana insatser tedde det sig kanske inte underligt att hela 15 procent av de sva
During 2012 - 2013 a study to evaluate conventional X-ray procedures and patient doses in Klintzi and Novozibkov areas of Bryansk region, Russia, was conducted. X-ray operation parameters included quality assurance of equipment, collection of procedure parameters and clinical practice evaluation. Effective doses were calculated for each selected procedure and dose distributions were established. 7
The question of how cooperation evolves and is maintained among nonkin is central to the biological, social, and behavioral sciences. Previous research has focused on explaining how cooperation in social dilemmas can be maintained by direct and indirect reciprocity among the participants of the social dilemma. However, in complex human societies, both modern and ancient, cooperation is frequently
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates in female adolescents are increasing. Irrespective of treatment options, approximately 1/3 will suffer secondary ACL injuries following their return to activity (RTA). Despite this, there are no evidence-informed RTA guidelines to aid clinicians in deciding when this should occur. The first step towards these guidelines is to identify relevant and feas
Encounters between patients in homecare and nursing students are cultural events where students, in principle, are in unknown territory. This study illuminated how nursing students recount (inter)actions in social relations in Danish homecare settings, illustrated by students with a self-appointed immigrant background. The study consisted of semi-structured interviews with eight nursing students.
