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This chapter presents methods for analysing interdependencies in critical infrastructures. In general, there are three groups of methods for analysing interdependencies; (1) conceptual, (2) model and simulation and (3) empirical and knowledge-based approaches. Examples of methods belonging to these groups are presented. The latter part of the chapter discusses challenges related to modelling, focu
This study compares students' experiences of two types of criteria-based assessment: in text commentary and rubric-articulated feedback, in an assessment design combining the two feedback channels. The main aim is to use students' responses to shed light on how feedback strategies for formative assessment can be optimised. Following action research methodology, the study discusses key categories o
Matvaruhandeln på nätet växer och en stor del av matvaruinköpen online levereras med hemleverans. Den hemleveransmodell som idag används i störst utsträckning låter kunderna välja ett tidsfönster för när de vill ha sin leverans. Det innebär att rutterna måste anpassas efter olika tidsfönster, vilket resulterar i ineffektivitet och låg fyllnadsgrad i lastbilarna. Detta, i sin tur, gör att leveranseThe online market for groceries is continuously growing. Many of the online grocery purchases are home delivered, and the model that is currently the most commonly used allows the customer to pick a delivery time slot. This means that the delivery routes must be adapted according to time windows, which results in inefficient routes, a lot of half-empty vehicles, and hence in costly deliveries for
In Kenya, the government is promoting high-value and drought resistant crop varieties in an effort to reduce poverty in rural areas. Sugar beet is one such crop. This study was conducted with two objectives: 1) to assess the opportunities and challenges for sugar beet cultivation and adoption in the Nyandarua district of Kenya and 2) to assess whether sugar beet adoption can offer an opportunity f
We consider simple approximations of variances and covariances for order statistics from the standard extreme value distribution. Exact values and simulation results of the variances and covariances for certain sample sizes are used to determine the validity of the suggested approximations.
In a digital age where travellers are increasingly looking for the cheapest, fastest or most sustainable way to travel, comparing different modes of transport efficiently becomes a challenge. The internet offers a wide range of websites and travel providers, fragmenting information and forcing travellers to navigate inefficiently between different platforms and websites. Multimodal Digital Mobili
Language learning strategies are presented in several parts of the Swedish national syllabus for English for high school and teachers are expected to both teach learning strategies and to test and grade students’ use of them. Despite supporting documents, teachers have expressed an insecurity regarding what in the Swedish national syllabus for English is referred to as “[…] strategies to assimilat
Problem description: In production and operations management, companies deal with a sometimes huge variety of products. Differences in for example sales volume, demand uncertainty or strategic criticality result in different needs of handling. As a consequence, companies that offer a wide range of products often struggle with the control of their production and inventory systems. An approach that
Aim: Renography with 99mTc-MAG3 is one of the most common nuclear medicine examinations. It’s extensive use justifies a thorough investigation of the methods used to accurately determine the split renal function, for instance with regard to background subtraction and correction for renal depth differ- ences. Previous studies on this subject have been made, mainly on patient image data, thus the ”t
This thesis discusses the recent hot topic in the intersection of IP law and competition law; “pay-for-delay” agreements in the pharmaceutical industry. Such agreements arise in patent disputes where originator manufacturers (‘Originators’) claim patent infringement by the generic manufactures (‘Generics’). However, patent infringing defendants end up paying the plaintiff large sums of money, acco
In this thesis we look at data where sedated patients have been pinpricked with a needle during an Auditory Brainstem Response recording. By looking at this data set with different statistical methods some butterfly pattern emerged and peaks appeared in the spectrum around the time where the needle pinpricking should have occurred. With this results a model was developed and evaluated. Future inve
En wollastonitförekomst vid Stor Hulta gruvor i närheten av Nora har undersökts. I den nedlagda gruvan har tidigare skarnjärnmalm tillhörande leptitformationen brutits. I jämförande syfte har även wollastonit från Akatjvare i Tjåmotisområdet undersökts. Detta är LKAB:s prospekteringsobjekt och är beläget i Jokkmokks kommun. Resultaten för detta material, som utgörs av fyra stuffer av dubbel knytnäThe wollastonite occurrence at Hulta is a skarn deposit associated with iron ore within the Leptite Formation of central Sweden. Wollastonite is found in carbonate layers within the leptite and the rocks have been subject to regional metamorphism. These layers are normally approximately 10 cm thick. Corelogging, microscopic studies and X-ray diffraction show a varied composition of the rock, with
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using extended-wavelength diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (EW-DRS) to measure tissue response related to blood perfusion. The study was performed on a model that we have previously found to be useful for studying techniques for perfusion monitoring following the injection of epinephrine in a local anesthetic in the human fore
The future opportunities for high-density QCD studies with ion and proton beams at the LHC are presented. Four major scientific goals are identified: the characterisation of the macroscopic long wavelength Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) properties with unprecedented precision, the investigation of the microscopic parton dynamics underlying QGP properties, the development of a unified picture of particle
A multicentre study was performed at four oncology centres in Sweden, in 160 chemotherapy-naive women, primarily with ovarian or endometrial carcinomas. Abdominal surgery preceded chemotherapy in 146 (91%) women, and another 39 (24%) women had a history of radiotherapy. The chemotherapy regimens contained cisplatin (50-100 mg/m2), in combination with a variety of other agents. In Course 1, all pat
Second primary cancers (SPCs) are becoming a common cancer entity, which may interfere with survival in relatively benign first primary cancers. We examined the hypothesis that immune dysfunction may contribute to SPCs by assessing SPCs associated with known immune responsive skin cancers, invasive and in situ squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma. Cancers were identif
