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The aim of this work was to investigate and quantify the effects of system noise, nodule location, anatomical noise and anatomical background on the detection of lung nodules in different regions of the chest x-ray. Simulated lung nodules of diameter 10 mm but with varying detail contrast were randomly positioned in four different kinds of images: 1) clinical images collected with a 200 speed CR s

Aims and objectives: To evaluate whether the scale used for assessment of hospital ward patients could predict in-hospital and 30-day mortality amongst those with deviating vital signs; that is, that patients classified as medium or high risk would have increased risk of in-hospital and 30-day mortality compared to patients with low risk. Background: The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is a wi

This chapter analyses the role that 'ordre public' and morality exceptions can play in the granting of patents on inventions in the field of human germline editing and the consequences of this policy option. In order to provide the context for such an analysis, the chapter will, first, provide an overview of the current patent landscape for relevant genome editing technologies, drawing attention t

We have investigated the photoionization and photofragmentation yields of gas-phase multiply protonated melittin cations for photon energies at the K-shell absorption edges of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Two similar experimental approaches were employed. In both experiments, mass selected [melittin+qH]q+ (q=2–4) ions were accumulated in radiofrequency ion traps. The trap content was exposed to i

Background: Admission lactate and lactate clearance are implemented for risk stratification in sepsis and trauma. In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, results regarding outcome and lactate are conflicting. Methods: This is a post-hoc analysis of the Target Temperature Management trial in which 950 unconscious patents after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were randomized to a temperature intervention

In the present study, water-oil flow patterns and slug hydrodynamics were experimentally studied in square glass microchannels with various hydraulic diameters (Dh = 600 µm, 400 µm, 200 µm). The aqueous phase is the continuous phase while the organic phase is the dispersed phase. The ranges of flow rates of the continuous phase and the dispersed phase are 0-200 ml/h and 0-12 ml/h, 0-120 ml/h and 0

Most products are developed while adapting to requirements from industrial production and logistics. To break that trend and design for people, we suggest focusing on those who put the strongest demands on the final solution. They cannot compensate for bad design solutions and are thereby, like sniffing dogs, guiding designers to meet peoples’ needs. We always use a combination of empathic modelli

In a community effort to combat sample mislabeling in multi-omic studies, computational solutions received show a wide range of accuracy. The final collaborative product, COSMO, achieves high performance. Applying COSMO to published datasets demonstrates biological impact of the tool.Sample mislabeling or misannotation has been a long-standing problem in scientific research, particularly prevalent in large-scale, multi-omic studies due to the complexity of multi-omic workflows. There exists an urgent need for implementing quality controls to automatically screen for and correct sample mislabels or misannotations in multi-omic studies. Here, we describe a crowdsourced precision

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to investigate the prognostic potential of circulating dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (cDPP3) to predict mortality and development of organ dysfunction in a mixed intensive care unit (ICU) population, and for this reason, we analysed prospectively collected admission blood samples from adult ICU patients at four Swedish hospitals. Blood samples were stored in a biobank for later ba

BACKGROUND: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is caused by low levels of or defects in C1 inhibitor. Although disease activity may be modified by prophylaxis, emergency treatment, treatment for comorbidities, and oral contraceptives, the extent of their use is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate trends in the use of disease-specific and interfering drugs in patients with HAE compared with the general pop

Outcome prognostication after cardiac arrest (CA) is challenging. Current multimodal prediction approaches would benefit from new biomarkers. MicroRNAs constitute a novel class of disease markers and circulating levels of brain-enriched ones have been associated with outcome after CA. To determine whether these levels reflect the extent of brain damage in CA patients, we assessed their correlation

Pointing is a typical means of directing a human's attention to a specific object or event. Robot pointing behaviours that direct the attention of humans are critical for human-robot interaction, communication and collaboration. In this paper, we describe an experiment undertaken to investigate human comprehension of a humanoid robot's pointing behaviour. We programmed a NAO robot to point to mark

We propose a novel, real-time algorithm for recoloring images to improve the experience for a color vision deficient observer. The output is temporally stable and preserves luminance, the most important visual cue. It runs in 0.2 ms per frame on a GPU.

BACKGROUND: Palliative sedation is used to relieve refractory symptoms and is part of clinical practice in Sweden. Yet we do not know how frequently this practice occurs, how decision-making takes place, or even which medications are preferentially used.OBJECTIVES: To understand the current practice of palliative sedation in Sweden.METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional medical reco

Background The implementation of immunological biomarkers for radiotherapy (RT) individualization in breast cancer requires consideration of tumor-intrinsic factors. This study aimed to investigate whether the integration of histological grade, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) can identify tumors with aggressive ch

With the abundance of observations and advancement in modeling, temperate regions allow for a comprehensive comparison of the data-driven and process-based methods of carbon budget estimation. This chapter presents a review of the latest methodologies for carbon budget and component flux estimation, and the key components in the temperate carbon budget, such as forest regrowth, and summarizes unce

Scanning coherent X-ray microscopy (ptychography) has gained considerable interest during the last decade since the performance of this indirect imaging technique does not necessarily rely on the quality of the X-ray optics and, in principle, can achieve highest spatial resolution in X-ray imaging. The method can be easily extended to 3D by adding standard tomographic reconstruction schemes. Howev

The knowledge of the material budget with a high precision is fundamental for measurements of direct photon production using the photon conversion method due to its direct impact on the total systematic uncertainty. Moreover, it influences many aspects of the charged-particle reconstruction performance. In this article, two procedures to determine data-driven corrections to the material-budget des