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Light-matter interactions can be used to probe both light and matter as they yield information on a system's state. On the ultrafast timescale, it is possible to employ these interactions to probe fast-occurring phenomena. In particular, one of the few tools for ultrafast spectroscopy are coherent attosecond XUV pulses: light pulses in the extreme ultraviolet range (XUV) whose typical duration
Con artists, those who use their charm and confidence to scam people, are thriving in modern society. They signified the moral crisis in neoliberal culture, where morality, the idea of supporting group goods, is desensitized and secondary to individual profits. The media content played a crucial role in intensifying the crisis. The monetization of criminality indicates that moral transgression is
Frågan om vilken verkan ändrade förhållanden har i en avtalsrelation har alltid varit ett av kontrakträttens mest uppmärksammade problem. Vid långvariga avtal blir utvecklingen inte sällan annan än vad parterna kunnat förutse vid avtalets ingående. Ett långvarigt avtal kan sålunda under en stor del av giltighetstid ha varit förmånligt för bägge parter, men sedan på grund av ändrade förhållande bliThe significance of changed conditions for contractual obligations and liabilities has always been one of the most debated contract law issues. In long-term agreements it is often extremely difficult to forecast all possible effects of a contract due to the fact that conditions under which the contracting parties have entered into such contract may drastically change. The substance of a long-term
The profound impacts on human rights brought about by international and regional trade agreements have increasingly been recognized by scholars in the fields of human rights and trade, as well as international organizations and civil societies. Most notably, the intersection between human rights and trade has been reaffirmed by the United Nations, evidently in the reports by the United Nations Hig
Background: Soils contain the largest stock of organic carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems and changes in soil C stocks may significantly affect atmospheric CO2. A significant part of soil C is present in cultivated soils that occupy about 35 % of the global land surface. Agricultural intensification has led to practices that may decrease soil organic carbon (SOC), and agricultural management has
There is always a need to improve and develop new ways of estimating effective doses to people and environments that have been exposed to ionizing radiation. Dose monitoring is also important in hospitals and the nuclear industry. Today there are several commercially available dosimeters, the most common being thermoluminescent dosimeters, TLDs, made from LiF. These are widely used for personal do
På den antarktiska kontinenten finns värdefulla och i princip oexploaterade naturtillgångar. Dess geostrategiska betydelse och potentiella rikedomar gör Antarktis attraktivt för både forskare och företag. Storbritannien gjorde som första land suveräna anspråk på en del av Antarktis år 1908. Flera andra länder följde exemplet, vilket resulterade i ett ökat internationellt intresse för kontinenten.Antarctica is a continent full of natural resources, still almost untouched of the human hand. Geostrategic implications and potential economic wealth make the Continent relevant for researcher as well as profit-seeking industries. In 1908, United Kingdom made claims of a sector of Antarctica. After that, several countries followed, leading the eyes of the world to this remote place. To calm dow
Our purpose has been to review and analyse the representation of rape, as well as discussions concerning rehabilitation, present in texts targeted at professionals and/or female victims of rape. We wish to investigate whether female victims of rape themselves are given the opportunity of individual positioning with regard to the crimes they have been exposed to. We consider it to be of relevance t
En person som otillbörligt utnyttjar att någon befinner sig i ett hjälplöst tillstånd, på grund av medvetslöshet, sömn, berusning, drogpåverkan, sjukdom, kroppsskada eller psykisk störning, kan dömas för våldtäkt. Bestämmelsen om hjälplöst tillstånd återfinns i 6:1 2st BrB. Arbetet behandlar frågan hur domstolar dömer när det kommer till våldtäkt och specifikt när det gäller hjälplöst tillstånd oA person who improperly exploits that someone is in a helpless state, due to unconsciousness, sleep, intoxication, drug influence, illness, physical injury or mental disturbance can be convicted of rape, according to Swedish law. The essay discusses the question of how courts judge when it comes to rape and especially when it comes to helpless state and if there is any connection between the help
En produkts formgivning är avgörande för hur eftertraktad den blir på marknaden, något som resulterat i att stora resurser läggs ner på att ge pro-dukter ett så tilltalande yttre som möjligt. För att investerade resurser inte ska gå om intet är det viktigt att skydda formgivningen på ett adekvat sätt, vilket t.ex. kan göras med hjälp av olika, till viss del överlappande, im-materialrättsliga skyddA product's design is crucial to how popular it will become on the market. This has resulted in that significant resources are laid down to give products an exterior as attractive as possible. To make sure that the spent resources should not be wrecked, it is important to protect the design adequately. This can e.g. be done by different, partially overlapping, kinds of intellectual property pr
Transport in and through biological membranes that consist of lipid bilayers has a crucial role in many applications in the food or pharmaceutical industries. How to deliver an enzyme through the membranes without damaging the enzymatic activity or the "shelf-life" of the enzyme has been of large interest since 1970 [29-30]. In this work, we have shown that a thin lipid sponge phase (L3)
Tracking birds throughout their migratory flights have reached new heights during the last decades, as new technology has made it possible to track birds during with higher accuracy than ever before. In this study, I have used accelerometer and air pressure data to mainly address the questions of altitude selection and changes during long distance non-stop migration in the Great Snipe (Gallinago m
Denna uppsats behandlar bevisprövningen av bevismedel med oklart ursprung i svensk rätt. Med ”oklart ursprung” avses omständigheten att det av olika skäl inte går att redogöra för var ett bevismedel kommer ifrån, hur det har anskaffats eller att det i övrigt råder oklarheter kring omständigheterna vid bevisanskaffningen. Det oklara ursprunget medför att domstolen i bevisprövningen ställs inför proThis thesis examines the evaluation of evidence material of unclear origin in Swedish law. "Unclear origin" refers to that for various reasons it is not possible to account for where the evidence comes from, how it was obtained or that there is some other ambiguity about the circumstances for obtaining the evidence. The unclear origin means that the court is faced with procedural problem
Regelverket för regionala avtal tillåter tullunioner och frihandelsavtal att göra avsteg från mest gynnade nations-principen förutsatt att ett antal villkor uppfylls; interna rekvisit som säkerställer liberalisering av den inre marknaden och externa rekvisit som syftar dels till harmonisering av yttre handelspolitik och dels till att förebygga att hinder reses mot tredje land. Genom undersökning aThe framework for regional trade agreements permits customs unions and free trade agreements to derogate from the Most Favoured Nation-principle provided that a number of conditions are fulfilled: internal requisites safeguarding internal market liberalization and external requisites, calling for harmonization of external trade policies and preventing the raising of barriers in relation to third c
Background: Reliable biomarkers of androgen activity in humans are lacking. The aim of this study was, therefore, to identify new protein markers of biological androgen activity and test their predictive value in relation to low vs normal testosterone values and some androgen deficiency linked pathologies. Methods: Blood samples from 30 healthy GnRH antagonist treated males were collected at three
UNLABELLED: To clarify the role of the TNFRSF11B gene encoding osteoprotegerin (OPG), in Paget's disease of bone (PDB) we studied TNFRSF11B polymorphisms in an association study of 690 UK subjects and in a worldwide familial study of 66 kindreds. We found that the G1181 allele of TNFRSF11B, encoding lysine at codon 3 of the OPG protein, predisposes to both sporadic and familial PDB.INTRODUCTION: P
AbstractObjectives: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) have higher risk of serious infections than healthy individuals due to their illness, comorbidities and treatments. Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for 30-50% of community aquired pneumonia in Europe.The proportion of patients with IRD receiving vaccination against pneumococci is still estimated to be suboptimal. The
Context. The HD 15337 (TIC 120896927, TOI-402) system was observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), revealing the presence of two short-period planets situated on opposite sides of the radius gap. This offers an excellent opportunity to study theories of formation and evolution, as well as to investigate internal composition and atmospheric evaporation. Aims. We aim to constrai
Most often, the laminar burning velocity (SL) of ammonia was measured in mixtures diluted by nitrogen bearing in mind its potential use as an alternative carbon-free fuel. Replacing the diluent with argon can increase the flame temperature and thus provide additional targets for validating pertinent detailed kinetic models. The SL data for ammonia + oxygen + argon mixtures are scarce; therefore, i
