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Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka hur arbetskostnad har reglerats i RUT- och ROT-avdragen (gemensamt kallat husavdragen), vilka förändringar som skett, vad som orsakat dessa och vad som kan hända i framtiden på området. Husavdragen ger en reduktion av skattebördan på köparen och en utbetalning från Skatteverket till utföraren vid vissa arbeten som utförs i anknytning till köparens bThe aim of this report has been to examine how work-cost has been regulated in the RUT- and ROT-deductions (called the house reductions together), what changes have been made, what has caused these and what can happen in this area in the future. The house reductions give a reduction of the tax burden on the buyer and a payment from the Swedish Tax Agency to the performer when certain types of work

The world today faces many different environmental problems, which has a negative effect. These are both global, regional and local, which means that they affect all people. To be able to overcome this and be able to promote a long-term sustainability, it is essential that all contribute and take responsibility for it. An example of doing this is to get more people to commute rather than using the

Rapid global urbanization is a major concern for the food production system, as it is recognized that relying on conventional methods of distant large-scale farming contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. One of the key strategies to address this challenge is rooftop greenhouses (RTG), which are greenhouses built on unoccupied rooftops. Besides that, this technology goes beyond crop

One of the characteristic features of Indian society is its complex caste system which ranks people into hereditary groups. Most importantly, the foundation of caste association was based on the occupation of each group. And the lowest group within this system have historically been excluded and exploited due to their assigned caste-based occupations. Despite implementing affirmative action polici

Background & Aims: Assess the prevalence of peri-transplant heart failure and its potential relation to post-transplant morbidity and mortality. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 234 consecutive cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation in a single European center from 1999 to 2007 (mean age 52, 30% women, 36% with alcoholic liver disease, 24% with viral hepatitis, 18%

Steller's Eider Polysticta stelleri has a restricted arctic breeding range. The world population declined to c. 220,000 individuals in the late 1990s from an estimated 400,000-500,000 in the 1960s. The species has a limited global wintering distribution, occurring in marine habitats in north-east Europe, islands close to Kamchatka in Russia, and the eastern Aleutian Islands and south-west Alaska.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Det doktorandarbete som framläggs av Pawel Brühl handlar om flera aspekter av ett framgångsrikt genomfört bullerskyddsarbete i en stor svensk industri med mycket hög bullernivå (Volvos pressverk i Olofström). Man har genomfört ett program bestående av bullermätningar, bullerreduktion med flera metoder samt studium av automatiseringens konsekvenser. Arbetstagarna har fåtThe design and implementation of a hearing conservation programme in a heavy industry with high noise levels is described. Action was taken on several points, including noise measurements, noise reduction, education on hearing protector use, and audiometric monitoring. It was found that the noise at the plant has been greatly reduced during a period of 25 years. The reduction in noise was made pos

Employing high-resolution spectra obtained with the near-UV-sensitive detector on the Keck I HIRES, supplemented by data obtained with the McDonald Observatory 2d-coudé, we have performed a comprehensive chemical composition analysis of the bright r-process-rich metal-poor red giant star HD 221170. Analysis of 57 individual neutral and ionized species yielded abundances for a total of 46 elements

In a forest ecosystem at steady state, net carbon (C) assimilation by plants and C loss through soil and litter decomposition by heterotrophic organisms are balanced. However, a perturbation to the system, such as increased mean soil temperature, will lead to faster decay, enhancing CO2 release from decomposers, and thus upsetting the balance. Recent in situ experiments have indicated that the sti

Arbetet omfattar uppföljningav ställda kriterier förlåg klimatpåverkan från betong vid upphandling av betongstommeför brf. Viva i Göteborg. Kriterierna följdes upp dels genom att LCA studien som genomförtsunder programskedet uppdaterades med data för den färdigupphandlade byggnadenoch dels genom att interljuva ett urval av aktörer för att få en inblick över hur branschen ser på de ställThis work includes monitoring of set criteria for low climate impact from concrete in procurement of concrete structures for brf. Viva in Gothenburg. The criteria were followed up by updating the LCA study performed during the program phase with new data for the completed building, plus a selection of the project stakeholders were also interviewed to gain an insight into how the ind

Microbial decomposers process a great majority of net primary production in the biosphere and regulate carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. Microbial communities are extremely diverse and often disregarded from global C-cycling models, but one strategy to overcome this challenge is to focus on the major decomposer groups: fungi and bacteria. These groups have distinct life strategies and are differentMicrobial decomposers process a great majority of net primary production in the biosphere and regulate carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. Microbial communities are extremely diverse and often disregarded from global C-cycling models, but one strategy to overcome this challenge is to focus on the major decomposer groups: fungi and bacteria. These groups have distinct life strategies and are different

Background and aims: Histopathology is the gold standard for analysis of atherosclerotic plaques but has drawbacks due to the destructive nature of the method. Ex vivo MRI is a non-destructive method to image whole plaques. Our aim was to use quantitative high field ex vivo MRI to classify plaque components, with histology as gold standard.Methods: Surgically resected carotid plaques from 12 patie

OBJECTIVES: Meniscal pathology in which the aetiology is often unclear is a frequent finding on knee MRI. This study investigates potential risk factors for medial meniscal lesions or extrusion in middle-aged and elderly persons. METHODS: Prospective cohort study using population-based subjects from Birmingham, Alabama and Iowa City, Iowa, USA (the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study). 644 men and

Objectives: An observed variation in the risk of celiac disease, according to the season of birth, suggests that vitamin D may affect the development of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate if vitamin D concentration is associated with the risk of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) in genetically at-risk children. Study Design: Children prospectively followed in the multinational T

Objectives: Bacteremia is an acute severe infection with high mortality. Changes in healthcare services and coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 may have affected the mortality for bacteremia during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been reported for other major diseases. In this study we examine the all-cause bacteremia mortality amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A population-based cohort study compr

BackgroundThe ambulance service is facing an increased number of calls and ambulance assignments. Between 12 and 42% of all assignments result in non-conveyance to the Accident and Emergency Department. However, there is limited knowledge regarding satisfaction among patients and significant others when patients are assessed as non-urgent and discharged at the scene. Therefore, the aim of the studBackgroundThe ambulance service is facing an increased number of calls and ambulance assignments. Between 12 and 42% of all assignments result in non-conveyance to the Accident and Emergency Department. However, there is limited knowledge regarding satisfaction among patients and significant others when patients are assessed as non-urgent and discharged at the scene. Therefore, the aim of the stud

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bose-Einsteinkondensat är de kallaste system människan känner till, och de styrs helt av kvantmekaniska lagar. Därför har de många speciella egenskaper, som bland annat visar sig under rotation. De kan till exempel inte rotera med vilken hastighet som helst, utan bara vissa specifika hastigheter är tillåtna. Vidare kan man - under vissa omständigheter - få ett Bose-EinsIn this thesis, I explore the behavior of rotating ultra-cold Bose gases, by diagonalizing the Hamiltonian. This method has the advantage of being exact in the limit of weak interactions, and thus is a useful complement to the more commonly used Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation, which relies on a mean-field approximation. It is generally known that an ultra-cold Bose gas shows some remarkable proper