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Background/objectives: Excess gestational weight gain (GWG) is a risk factor for maternal postpartum weight retention and excessive neonatal adiposity, especially in women with overweight or obesity. Whether lifestyle interventions to reduce excess GWG also reduce 12-month maternal postpartum weight retention and infant weight-for-length z score is unknown. Randomized controlled trials from the LI
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the prevalence and correlates of physical violence and rape among female sex workers (FSWs) in Ethiopia.DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling technique.SETTING: Eleven major towns in Ethiopia.PARTICIPANTS: 4900 FSWs.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence of experiences of physical beating and rape.RESULTS: Among FSWs, 17.5% reported physical
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is critical for early linkage to treatment and care services. However, there is a substantial gap in HIV testing, particularly in resource limited settings due to low accessibility of HIV testing sites, inconvenient testing hours, and concerns about loss of confidentiality. Thus, adopting new strategies such as HIV self-testing (HIVST) could o
Organizations and individuals maintain and use an ever increasing amount of computer systems, either deployed locally, or in the cloud.These systems often store and handle vast amounts of data, some of which is sensitive and should be kept private.Regardless of where the data is located, there is a need to prevent data from falling into the wrong hands.To this end, this dissertation presents contr
Background: Experiments have shown improved cardiovascular stability in lambs if umbilical cord clamping is postponed until positive pressure ventilation is started. Studies on intact cord resuscitation on human term infants are sparse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in clinical outcomes in non-breathing infants between groups, one where resuscitation is initiated with an in
Background: Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are xenobiotics with the ability to interfere with hormone action, even at low levels. Prior environmental epidemiology studies link numerous suspected EDCs, including phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA), to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, results for some chemicals were inconsistent and most assessed one chemical at a time. Objectives:
Background: Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a 25-kDa apolipoprotein present in 5% of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. It is suggested to be anti-atherogenic and to play a key role in sustaining endothelial barrier integrity. SLE patients have increased cardiovascular disease risk, and we aimed to investigate if apoM levels reflect endothelial function in SLE. Since apoM plasma levels decrease
im To describe the population of patients with previously diagnosed peripheral artery disease (PAD) experiencing a myocardial infarction (MI) and to investigate 1-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE: all-cause mortality, reinfarction, stroke and heart failure hospitalisation) following MI.Background MI patients with PAD constitute a high-risk population with adverse cardiac outcomes. Contempor
Objective Blood type A antigen on porcine aortic bioprostheses might initiate an immune reaction leading to an increased frequency of structural valve deterioration in patients with blood type B or O. The aim was to analyse the association between ABO blood type and porcine bioprosthetic aortic valve degeneration. Design Observational nationwide cohort study. Setting Swedish population-based study
Skeletal development is heterogeneous. Throughout growth, bone size is more maturationally advanced than the mineral being accrued within its periosteal envelope; before puberty, appendicular growth is more rapid than axial growth; during puberty, appendicular growth slows and axial growth accelerates. We studied women with differing age of onset of anorexia nervosa to determine whether this tempo
BACKGROUND: Defensive coping (DefS) was associated with a vulnerable cardiovascular profile in Blacks. The copeptin/vasopressin system is a manifestation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis activity and may act as an acute compensatory mechanism when there is a disruption in volume-loading homeostasis, i.e. when cardiac stress is evident. Whether DefS will influence associations between copepti
BACKGROUND: Home health care is an important part of primary health care. How delivery of home health care is organised is probably important for sustainability of the healthcare system as a whole. More than 50 % of individuals over 65 years old have multimorbidity, which increases with higher age, also influencing the needs of home health care. Our aim was to study the proportion of the populatio
Background: Numerous gene loci are related to single measures of body weight and shape. We investigated if 55 SNPs previously associated with BMI or waist measures, modify the effects of fat intake on weight loss and waist reduction under energy restriction. Methods and Findings: Randomized controlled trial of 771 obese adults. (Registration: ISRCTN25867281.) One SNP was selected for replication i
Background: Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) identifies patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke presumed due to embolism from several unidentified sources. Among patients with recent ESUS, we sought to determine independent predictors of recurrent ischemic stroke during treatment with aspirin or rivaroxaban and to assess the relative effects of these treatments according to risk. Met
BACKGROUND: Meal-induced metabolic changes trigger an acute inflammatory response, contributing to chronic inflammation and associated diseases. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to characterize variability in postprandial inflammatory responses using traditional (IL-6) and novel [glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA)] biomarkers of inflammation and dissect their biological determinants with a focus on postprandial
OBJECTIVE: This study used meta-analysis to assess disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening and treatment in people with mental disorders, a group that has elevated CVD incidence and mortality. METHODS: The authors searched PubMed and PsycInfo through July 31, 2020, and conducted a random-effect meta-analysis of observational studies comparing CVD screening and treatment in people wit
rapidly and on a large scale, judging from the very short introduction phase for late Slavic pottery and the absence of hybrid forms between this tradition and the local Scandinavian ware. Late Slavic ware became a Scanian cultural trait after only one generation; this tradition is today called “Baltic ware”, as it was produced outside the Slavic area by an increasing number of local potters. AfteThe existence of slavery in Viking-Age and high medieval Scandinavia is accepted as a fact. Law codes, literary sources and some few burials vouch for that. It is, however, more complicated to ascertain regional differences in the use of slaves, their ethnic identities and geographical distribution, as well as changes in the intensity of their exploitation over time. A new source, household potter
BACKGROUND: The St Gallen 2019 guidelines for primary therapy of early breast cancer recommend omission of completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND), regardless of histological type, in patients with one or two sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases. Concurrently, adjuvant chemotherapy is endorsed for luminal A-like disease with four or more axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases. The aim of t
BackgroundHypoplastic left heart syndrome is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to assess the influence of left ventricular morphology and choice of shunt on adverse outcome in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and stage 1 palliation.Methods and ResultsThis was a retrospective analysis of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome with stage 1 palliation b
Background and aim: Patient activation (PA) and Patient Involvement (PI) are considered elements in good survivorship. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a follow-up supported by electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) on PA and PI. Method: From February 2017 to January 2019, we conducted an explorative interventional study. We included 187 patients followed after intended curative complex sur
