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Significant advancements in audio transport, encoding, and processing power in embedded systems constitute the foundation of today’s speakers. Transitioning the digitalized audio data transmission to Audio over IP (AoIP) has opened the potential to transmit audio with the same network flexibility as other services using packet-based networks, such as voice over IP or video over IP. This thesis pri

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur olika energieffektiva renoveringsåtgärder kan påverka energiprestandan i äldre småhus. Studien omfattar en genomgång av tidigare forskning och en fallstudie av ett småhus byggt 1919, och undersöker effekten av tekniska åtgärder och olika användarbeteenden på energiprestanda. Fallstudien genomfördes med hjälp av simuleringsprogrammet IDA ICE. Det innebarThe purpose of this study is to investigate how different energy-efficient renovation measures may affect the energy performance of older detached houses. The study involves a review of previous research and a case study of one detached house built in 1919, and investigates the impact of technical measures and different user behaviors on energy performance. The case study was conducted by using th

Within business practice, the concept of pop-up retailing has already grown out its status of just being a trend, and has developed into a highly accepted and widely used retail format in a variety of business sectors. Despites this rising popularity, academic research has given rather little attention towards the phenomenon of temporary retail sites. Due to this research scarcity, the purpose of

A large part of the greenhouse gas emissions and energy use comes from the construction industry. This thesis addresses some of the environmental and energy challenges the construction industry faces regarding renovating buildings. The examined building is Trelleborg Energi´s headquarters. Programs such as IDA ICE, Espoo, Renobuild and Miljöbyggnad 3.1 have been used to review and obtain results.

Our study explored the use of non-financial measurements in financial services industries in Sweden, Romania and Ukraine. The countries were selected on grounds of the authors' nationality and the masters program. The analysis was focused on the use in practice of the latest theoretical developments, the non-financial indicators link with the banks’ strategies and the financial measurements an

This thesis is a pilot study for cross-disciplinary analysis with the aim to compare the prerequisites for sustainable harvesting of forest residues/fuels in southern and northern Sweden from both environmental and societal perspectives. It has three main focus areas: (A) Potential to produce forest fuels; (B) Effects on the nutrient budget; and (C) Practical aspects and attitudes within the fores

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are significantly affected by SARS-CoV-2, partially due to their limited capacity for local production and implementation of molecular testing. Here, we provide detailed methods and validation of a molecular toolkit that can be readily produced and deployed using laboratory equipment available in LMICs. Our results show that lab-scale production of enzymes

Energy security is often analysed from a state centric perspective - sometimes as a sub part of national security. That approach disguise the heterogeneity and importance of different actors. This study analyse actor’s roles and capabilities that affect their own and others energy security strategies. The Swedish road transport sector is used as an example. The study also explores how a transition

Environmental policy is shifting the focus from production processes to product-related issues. The provision and use of environmental information is generally considered an essential element in addressing the environmental impacts associated with the life cycle of products. Environmental product declarations (EPD) are one of the much promoted informative instruments. A wide range of self-declarat

The proper management of the signal to noise ratio margin is important for improving the stability of digital subscriber line (DSL) networks and increasing the customer satisfaction regarding services such as triple-play. This work presents a novel algorithm for multiuser margin optimization that benefits from the relationships between power and margin adaptation. The proposed multiuser margin max

High air concentrations of ammonium were detected at low and high altitude sites in Sweden, Finland and Norway during the spring 2006, coinciding with polluted air from biomass burning in eastern Europe passing over central and northern Fennoscandia. Unusually high values for throughfall deposition of ammonium were detected at one low altitude site and several high altitude sites in north Sweden.

The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) aimed for a one-dimensional quantity adequately reflecting the human physiological reaction to the multi-dimensionally defined actual outdoor thermal environment. The human reaction was simulated by the UTCI-Fiala multi-node model of human thermoregulation, which was integrated with an adaptive clothing model. Following the concept of an equivalent temper

As the population increases, so does the need for residential buildings, offices, schools and preschools. The construction industry accounts for about 20% of Sweden’s greenhouse gas emissions. While buildings become more energy-efficient the focus is shifted from the operational phase to the construction phase. The law on climate declaration is a Swedish law, which holds developers responsible for

De senaste åren har beskattning av den digitala ekonomin hamnat i focus. Det har gett upphov till att bl.a. OECD och EU har kommit med förslag på hur man ska kunna lösa detta dilemma. Traditionellt blir ett företag beskattat i den stat där detta har hemvist eller i den stat där företaget har ett fast driftställe för vilket det är angivet flera olika anknytningspunkter. Dessa anknytningsfaktorer byIn the last couple of years, taxation of the digital economy has become a subject that is on everybody’s mind. This has given rise to attempts from OECD and EU, amongst others, to solve this dilemma. For a company to be taxed in a state it must be a resident in that state or be attributed a permanent establishment that requires that the company has a physical presence in the state. This makes taxi

The drinking water and sanitation systems (WSS) in rural Kazakhstan have since its independence in 1991 been challenged with deteriorating implemented centralized systems where the population has been forced to explore individual, decentralized options to ensure a drinking water supply. With a limited documentation and classification of current WSS operating in rural settlements, the large-scale w

This study compares the two traditional ventilation methods ; mixed ventilation and displacement ventilation, with a new type of dif fuser which attempts to solve the problem with blockage of the diffuser for the displacement ventilation. This new diffuser called Airshower is a product developed by Airson engineering AB whom is also the company where all simulations and tests for this study were

Då oriktig uppgift lämnats till ledning för beskattning kan den uppgiftsskyldige riskera skattetillägg eller, i de svårare fallen, bli ansvarig för skattebrott. Ett skattetillägg utgår som huvudregel med ett pålägg om 40 % på den skatt som skulle ha erlagts och de vanliga straffrättsliga påföljderna, böter och fängelse, tillämpas vid skattebrott. Fängelsestraffet kan som högst bli sex år då oriktiIn cases where inaccurate information has been sent to tax authorities, the responsible person is risking surcharge or in worse cases making herself guilty of tax offence. A basic rule implies that a surcharge means an additional 40 % to the normal taxes and when it comes to cases of tax offence, the ordinary penalties of criminal law, fines and prison, are practiced. The highest prison sentence f

Abstract Habitat complexity is shown to be an important driver of invertebrate diversity on impacted coral reefs when the diversity supported by a comparative unit of habitat complexity is compared to that of a pristine coral reef. The more structurally complex pristine reef does not support the conventionally expected greatest amount of diversity, instead an upper limit threshold to habitat comp

Popular Abstract in Swedish Inledning/introduktion: Öppen rekonstruktion av aorta innebär en påtaglig risk för postoperativa komplikationer och dödlighet, särskilt i den äldre befolkningen och i dem som är mindre lämpliga för en sådan stor operation. Endovaskulär aorta kirurgi förefaller säker, hållbar och effektiv när det finns tillräcklig proximal och distal tätningszon för en stentgraft. FenestIntroduction: Open repair of the aorta carries a high risk for morbidity and mortality especially in the elderly population and in patients unfit for major surgery. Endovascular aortic repair is safe, durable and effective when there is adequate proximal and distal sealing zone for the aortic stent graft. Fenestrated and branched stent grafts have made the repair possible for complex but elective