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The issue of food waste is a growing global problem having social, environmental and economic consequences. Over the recent years, this issue has received attention at International, national, regional and local levels. One such example is the case of Malmö which, in their Sustainable food policy has identified food waste as one of the key areas to reduce Greenhouse gas emission down to 40% of 200
Det finns idag en medverkansbestämmelse i brottsbalken som gör det möjligt att straffa andra deltagare i brott än bara gärningsmannen. De olika formerna av deltagande ska vidare separeras från varandra, hur detta ska göras verkar dock inte självklart vid en första anblick. Det finns bland annat en möjlighet att omrubricera främjare av brott som (med)gärningsmän, när denna omrubricering ska ske preIn Swedish criminal law there is a regulation in brottsbalken where different kinds of participants in a crime can be punished together with the offender. These different kinds of participants needs to be separated from each other. Among other things there is a possibility to classify a contributor as an offender, yet it is not clear when this is possible only by studying the law. In recent times
Byggprocessen har en omfattande roll i det infrastrukturella bygget och utgör grunden till en byggnation. Man kan uttrycka byggprocessen som en helhetsbild av hur uppförandet av en byggnad/anläggning går till. Många olika aktörer är involverade i denna process. Byggprocessen innefattar allt från inventeringar, behovsutredningar, gestaltningar till tekniska lösningar, produktion och förvaltning. ÄvThe construction process has a profound role withing the infrastructure, and lais the foundation for the construction itself. It can be described as layout of how the construction will be managed, provided for and organized. Therefore, this process involves several actors. The construction process involves activities such as inventory, needs investigations, designs for technical solutions, product
I en rättsprocess har den tilltalade möjlighet att ange invändningar om alternativa förklaringar till det händelseförlopp som åklagaren gjort gällande. Åklagaren ska frambringa så mycket bevisning att det är ställt utom rimligt tvivel att det gick till på det vis som denna påstår. Invändningarna som den tilltalade gör kan påverka domslutet på varierande sätt. En del, till exempel allvarlig psykiskIn criminal trial procedures, the defendant has the opportunity to make a defence concerning the course of events adduced by the prosecutor. The prosecutor shall present as much evidence as necessary to reach the evidentiary requirement beyond reasonable doubt. The defence can affect the judicial decision in different ways. For example, a severe mental disorder and self-defence might result in a v
Hälsodata har stor betydelse för forskning om sjukdomar och behandlingsmetoder. Ett sätt att genomföra forskningen är att samla in hälsodata direkt för det specifika forskningsändamålet. Ett annat sätt är att återanvända hälsodata som redan har samlats in för andra ändamål för det aktuella forskningsändamålet. De två centrala regelverken som reglerar när och hur hälsodata får användas inom forskniHealth data is of great importance for research on diseases and treatment methods. One way to conduct the research is to collect health data directly for the specific research purpose. Another way is to reuse health data that has already been collected for other purposes for the current research purpose. The two central regulations that regulate when and how health data may be used in research are
This thesis investigates the volatility structures found in forward-looking fundamental valuations of the Swedish stock index OMXS30. The evaluated data constitutes daily observations of P/E ratios based on twelve months earnings estimates during the period 2009-01-02 until 2018-10-18. The analysis is conducted by applying a GARCH modelling framework to a log-return transformed return series deriv
European State Aid Law is rapidly becoming one of the most important area of law within the European Union. Since the beginning of 1970 the Commission and the Court have had to deal with more and more State Aid cases as it grew in correspondence with its growth. There has not been an extensive work done on State Aid until this Millennium with the works of Kelyn Bacon and Mark Heidenhain right up t
This paper investigates whether the information from a number of different economic variables have the ability to predict stock returns on the OMXS30. The estimated forecast models are evaluated with a number of standard metrics to find the best performing models. These models are then used in combination with two portfolio strategies and tested over different time periods and forecast horizons, t
Stater ingår skatteavtal huvudsakligen i syfte att undanröja internationell juridisk dubbelbeskattning, som anses uppställa ett hinder för utvecklingen av mellanstatliga ekonomiska förbindelser. I skatteavtal förpliktigar sig stater att begränsa sina skatteanspråk till förmån för den andra statens beskattningsrätt. Avtalens begränsande effekt i kombination med skillnader i staters interna skattesyThe main reason for states to enter into tax treaties is to prevent international juridical double taxation, which is considered to have harmful effects on cross-border economic relations. In tax treaties, states oblige themselves through international law not to raise taxes with respect to taxing rights given to the other state under the treaty. A well-known problem is that taxpayers can exploit
In 1997 Tetra Brik Packaging Systems (TBPS) introduced the Prisma family into the portfolio. The family, which contains four volumes: X ml, 330 ml, 1000 ml and 2000 ml, is characterised by having eight panels at mid height. The new shape of the packages has forced TBPS to make modifications in the equipment and alterations in the distribution chain, from producers to consumers. This master's
Studien har som syfte att undersöka huruvida flygolyckor påverkar flygplanstillverkares aktiepriser. Tidsperioden som undersöks är mellan år 2000 och 2018 och begränsas till olyckor där 30 personer eller fler miste livet. Metoden som ligger till grund för arbetet är en händelsestudie som tillsammans med statistiska test undersöker effekten av flygolyckor. Historiska data i form av faktiska aktiekuThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether aircraft accidents affect the stock prices of aircraft manufacturers. The time period examined is between 2000 and 2018 and is limited to accidents where 30 people or more lost their lives. The method that underlies the work is an event study that, together with statistical tests, investigates the effect of airplane crashes. Historical data in th
This study is an attempt to examine the law and practice relating to female genital mutilation in Tanzania. In the course of writing this work, attention is paid to the difference between enforcement of legal and social norms, as this is important in any fight against the deeply entrenched harmful traditional practice of Female Genital Mutilation. In dealing with this problem, the usefulness of us
This thesis approaches a field in refugee law, which is rather untouched by the researching community so far. The specific procedure scrutinised is the procedure allowing for asylum applications to be submitted at EU Member States' diplomatic and consular representations abroad. In the thesis this procedure goes under the name externalised processing. The specific aspect focused on is the poss
Den processuella editionsplikten är ett av de processmedel som står till parternas förfogande i det dispositiva tvistemålsförfarandet. Syftet med editionsplikten är att tillförsäkra att all bevisning i ett mål presenteras för rätten så att denna kan nå en juridiskt korrekt slutprodukt i målet. Genom praxis har fastslagits att begreppet skriftlig handling även omfattar en datalagrad handling, trotThe production of documents is one of the procedural instruments available for parties in Civil procedures. Obliging parties to produce documents ensures that the court can come to a correct decision in light of all relevant evidence. The caselaw has defined the term “document” so as to include electronically stored data, even if no printout exists at the time of the demand of production. Contempo
Open Source projects are collaborative processes that generate value for users but generally disallow actors to generate revenue directly from the product that is developed. Nonetheless, many companies are involved in Open Source projects. Therefore it is of interest to study what kind of mechanisms are involved in how companies capture value from Open Source project involvement, and also what kin
The idea of a common language has always existed in some form in China, from the ya yan of Confucius to the modern day mandarin – known as Putonghua. During the Qing dynasty the Beijing dialect slowly became dominant, and in the years following the Xinhai revolution this was made formal through a series of decisions aimed at standardizing the language. The current definition dates back to the 1956
Denna uppsats behandlar frågan om hur EU:s konkurrensrätt förhåller sig till rättsprincipen ne bis in idem. I och med att Förordning 1/2003 trädde i kraft 2004 så ändrades reglerna om tillämpning av EU:s konkurrensregler i grunden. I det nya moderniserade tillämpningssystemet på konkurrensrättens område så delar Kommissionen behörigheten att tillämpa EU:s konkurrensregler med nationella konkurrensThis paper addresses how the principle of ne bis in idem relates to the enforcement of EU competition law. Regulation 1/2003 came into force in 2004 and with this the enforcement system of EU competition law that had been in place for over 40 years was fundamentally reformed. Under the new modernized enforcement system of the EU competition rules, national competition authorities (NCAs) and nation
Spontaneous formation of vesicles from the self-assembly of two specific surfactants, one zwitterionic (oleyl amidopropyl betaine, OAPB) and the other anionic (Aerosol-OT, AOT), is explored in water using small-angle scattering techniques. Two factors were found to be critical in the formation of vesicles: surfactant ratio, as AOT concentrations less than equimolar with OAPB result in cylindrical
Background: The frequency of intestinal obstruction varies in the literature (0.2-10.7%) and requires evaluation in a proper design. Methods: From 1978 to 1985, 1951 patients underwent appendectomy; 58 patients were excluded because of appendectomy per occasionem, 156 because of previous laparotomy, and 190 because of simultaneous major surgery. Three foreigners were lost to follow-up. The cohort
Background. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a zymogen of a 33‐kilodalton (kD) serine proteinase with extensive similarity to glandular kallikreins. The mechanism responsible for converting the zymogen into active proteinase has not been defined, but active PSA may be irreversibly inactivated in vitro by two of the major proteinase inhibitors in blood: alpha1‐antichymotrypsin and alpha2‐macroglo
