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Biodiversity offsets and habitat banking in municipal planning Biodiversity offsetting is used to prevent loss of natural capital in connection with new developments. Biodiversity offsetting, which is based on the polluter pay-principle, means that those who cause loss or damage to nature values such as species, habitats or ecosystem services should make up for it by creating or ensuring correspo
The focus of this thesis is energy justice and sustainability science, and the argument is based on a case study of the Inga dams. Substantial further development of hydropower is planned at the Inga dams, located on the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. While the project will add macro-economic benefits through the additional power, benefits are limited for people living nearby, a
Background: Few longitudinal cohort studies have focused on the impact of substances abused and psychiatric disorders on premature mortality. The aim of the present study was to identify predictors of increased risk of drug related death and non drug related death in substance abusers of opiates, stimulants, cannabis, sedatives/hypnotics, hallucinogens and alcohol over several decades. Methods: Fo
Peak aerobic power in humans ((V) over dot(O2), peak) is markedly affected by inspired O-2 tension (F-IO2). The question to be answered in this study is what factor plays a major role in the limitation of muscle peak. (V) over dot(O2) in hypoxia: arterial O-2 partial pressure (P-a,(O2)) or O-2 content (C-a,C-O2)? Thus, cardiac output (dye dilution with Cardio-green), leg blood flow (thermodilution
Popular Abstract in Swedish Genom att använda marina sedimentkärnor från havbotten kan vi dyka ner i forna tiders hav och förstå hur klimat och havsmiljö har utvecklats över tid. Sedimenten och dess innehåll av olika mikrofossil utgör ett fantastiskt miljöarkiv och ju längre ner i sedimenten vi kommer desto äldre är de vanligtvis. I mitt doktorandprojekt har jag studerat marina sediment från kusteThere is a limited understanding of how the benthic environment within upwelling regions responded to past rapid climatic changes. Within this thesis, a multiproxy approach is applied to two marine sediment cores from two coastal upwelling sites in the low latitude subtropical Atlantic. With a focus on benthic foraminiferal faunal analyses, the response of the benthic environment to rapid climatic
The aim of this study was to describe the types and extent of eating difficulties, the need for assistance when eating, the nutritional status and pressure ulcers in consecutive patients (n = 162) admitted for stroke rehabilitation over a period of 1 year. Structured observations and assessments of eating, nutritional status (subjective global assessment of nutritional status), pressure ulcers and
Den svenska asylprocessen förändrades i grunden när överprövningen förflyttades från en domstolsliknande nämnd (utlänningsnämnden) till en renodlad domstolsprocess (migrationsdomstolen). Ett övergripande syfte för reformen var att stärka rättssäkerheten. I den nya migrationsdomstolen ingår nämndemän i den ordinarie sammansättningen. Nämndemannainstitutet har en lång förankring i svensk rättstraditThe Swedish asylum process changed fundamentally in 2005 when trials were transferred from an administrative process (utlänningsnämnden) to a court process (migrationsdomstolen). The general aim of the reform was to strengthen the rule of law in the asylum process. The new immigration courts are composed of lay judges. Lay judges are rooted in the Swedish tradition but they are common in other cou
Kränkande särbehandling är ett begrepp som innefattar bland annat vuxenmobbning, trakasserier och sexuella trakasserier. Kränkande särbehandling genom mobbning regleras i svensk rätt främst genom arbetsmiljörätten. Arbetsmiljön ska enligt arbetsmiljölagen vara tillfredsställande och arbetsgivaren ska vidta alla åtgärder som behövs för att förebygga att arbetstagare drabbas av ohälsa. Det finns äveVictimization is a concept that mainly contains adult bullying, harassment and sexual harassment. Victimization through bullying is regulated in Swedish law primarily through the work environment legislation, since it is considered to be an organizational issue. The work environment shall according to the Swedish Work Environment Act be satisfactory and the employer shall take all the precautions
Både i varumärkesrätten och marknadsföringsrätten förekommer situationer när en part i en tvist behöver bevisa att dess märke eller produkt uppfattas på ett visst vis på marknaden. Omständighetens uppfattning om ett föremål (en vara/tjänst eller ett märke) är bland annat av relevans för de markandsföringsrättsliga bestämmelserna för vilseledande efterbildning och renommésnyltning, men även för de
Sverige har under lång tid haft ett skyddsnät för att kunna bistå individer som inte kunnat klara sig själva. Dagens socialtjänstlag (2001:453) (SoL) bygger på 1980 års socialtjänstreform och därtill hörande anda och principer. Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera en del av det förslag till en ny social-tjänstlag som regeringen påbörjade att utreda år 2017. I uppsatsen ska försla-get på att, i vSweden has for a long time had a framework to be able to assist individuals who could not fend for themselves. Today’s Social Services Act (2001:453) is based on the 1980 Social Services Reform and the following purposes and principles. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze one part of the proposal for a new Social Services Act that the government began to investigate in 2017. In the thesis, t
The momentum and energy injection from supernovae is one of the main feedback modes, and is therefore key to the understanding of galaxy evolution and star formation. However, due to low resolution, large scale galaxy simulations often have issues with accurately modelling supernovae, and therefore rely on sub-grid models. This is especially true for the injected momentum, where capturing the mome
There is some evidence that perinatal factors, specifically birth weight (BW), may be related to the onset of prostate cancer (PRCA). This case-control study, nested within the Malmo Diet and Cancer Cohort Study, used archived birth record data from 308 incident PRCA cases diagnosed between 1991 and 2005, and 637 age-matched controls among 4781 men born (1923-1945) in Malmo and Lund, Sweden. We ap
Children diagnosed with noncentral nervous system solid cancers (NCNSSC) experience several adverse late effects, including second malignant neoplasm. The aim of our study was to assess the risk of specific second malignancies after a childhood NCNSSC. Diagnosis and follow-up data on 10,988 cases of NCNSSC in children (0-14 years) were obtained from 13 registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SI
Jordens havsnivå förändras ständigt och dessa förändringar kan ha olika orsaker: i ett längre geologiskt tidsperspektiv är det processer i jordens inre som påverkar havsnivån, men i ett kortare perspektiv spelar till exempel tillväxten och avsmältningen av inlandsisar stor roll. Under kvartärtiden har den sistnämnda processen varit den dominerande vad gäller att påverka havsnivåerna: vid istider hResults from an investigation of relative sea-level changes from c. 11,000 cal. yr BP to the present in the Tasiusaq area, Inner Bredefjord, southwest Greenland, are presented in this thesis. Isolation sequences from two small lakes have been identified using stratigraphic analyses, XRF-scanning, loss on ignition and macrofossil analyses. Macrofossil and bulk samples have been dated in order to e
This essay focuses on the increasing problems for companies and right-holders with counterfeited and pirated goods in the European Union and the problems for right holders to enforce their IPR rights. Will IPRED1 make a difference and is there really a need for the new Directive of Enforcement 2004/48/EG, or do the sanctions according to the TRIPS Agreement suffice. Further, IPRED2 is a follow up
The period after birth, when an infant is initially exposed to vast amounts of environmental and microbial antigens, sets the stage for proper immune system development ensuing lifelong immunity. Simultaneous to this first-time exposure, the nursing mother provides immune protection via antibodies in the breast milk. Secretory Immunoglobulin A, as provided by the mother or produced intrinsically i
De bärande grundtankarna för det svenska processrättsliga förfarandet är att förhandlingen i domstol utgår från principerna om omedelbarhet, muntlighet och koncentration. Av det följer att ett mål som huvudregel ska avgöras vid en muntlig och koncentrerad förhandling och där rätten enbart på det som förekommit vid förhandlingen får grunda sin dom. Tillkomsten av principerna sträcker sig så långt bThe fundamental ideas underlying the Swedish procedural law procedure are that the hearing in court is based on the principles of immediacy, orality and concentration. It follows that a case must, as a general rule, be decided at an oral and concentrated hearing and that the court may base its judgment solely on what has occurred at the hearing. The origins of these principles go back as far as th
I svensk rätt finns bestämmelser som berör gärningsbeskrivningen i 30:3 RB och 45:4 RB. Det första lagrummet stadgar att gärningsbeskrivningen utgör ramen för domstolens prövning. Det andra lagrummet stadgar vilket innehåll en gärningsbeskrivning ska ha. Frågan hur preciserad den information som ges i gärningsbeskrivning ska vara har länge varit omdiskuterad. Kraven på gärningsbeskrivningens precIn Swedish law, the provisions regarding the indictment are found in 30:3 RB and 45:4 RB. The first provision states that the indictment serves as a foundation of the court´s trial. The second provision establishes what specific information the indictment should contain. The question of how accurate the information provided in the indictment must be has long been up for discussion. The requiremen
The Swedish transport administration (Trafikverket) uses turnkey contracts as a tool in their work with the assignment from the Swedish government to increase innovation and productivity in the construction sector which railway is included in. Qualitative interviews of the three different actors: clients (Trafikverket), constructors and consults have been made for the study. This is to get a pictu
The pursuit for equality between men and women is an ongoing struggle. One of the largest differences between men and women in general is the amount of time spent taking care of children and the home. This difference between men and women is one of the reasons women have less opportunity to pursue a career, be financially independent or take part in politics in most parts of the world. This differ
