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Mixtures between choline and geranic acid (CAGE) have previously been shown to insert into lipid bilayers. This may be useful for the transdermal delivery of larger pharmaceuticals, however, little is known about the mechanism of activity. By comparing the interactions between CAGE and lipid bilayers with those of a less-active, yet closely-related analogue, choline octanoic acid (CAOT), a chemica

Apoptosis is an active process that plays a key role in many physiological and pathological conditions. One of the most important organelles involved in apoptosis regulation is the mitochondrion. An increase in intracellular Ca(2+) is a general mechanism of toxicity in neurons which occurs in response to different noxious stimuli like excitotoxicity and ischemia producing apoptotic and necrotic ce

New synthetic hybrid materials and their increasing complexity have placed growing demands on crystal growth for single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Unfortunately, not all chemical systems are conducive to the isolation of single crystals for traditional characterization. Here, small-molecule serial femtosecond crystallography (smSFX) at atomic resolution (0.833 Å) is employed to characteri

Free bare gold clusters in the size range from few tens to few hundred atoms (≤1 nm dimensions) have been produced in a beam, and the size-dependent development of their full valence band including the 5d and 6s parts has been mapped 'on the fly' by synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy. The Au 4f core level has been also probed, and the cluster-specific Au 4f ionization energies have been

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a well-known protease inhibitor. Its function is thought to be protease/protease-inhibitor balance. Free proteolytic activity, mainly pancreatic elastase, anionic trypsin and granulocytic elastase, has been demonstrated in faecal extracts from patients with ulcerative colitis. We wanted to verify that SLPI is actually secreted from normal human colo

Today, an increasing number of people work from home; people value a relaxed and individual work style where flexibility and mobility are of greatimportance. A home office generates several new requirements of a workplace as conflicts often occur between aesthetical and functional qualities. Psychological factors such as discipline or relaxation are also difficult tohandle when the boundaries betw

This study presents structural and electrical properties of individual, upright standing III-V semiconductor nanowires obtained by scanning probe microscopy (SPM). The work is divided in two major parts. First, we report on optoelectrical characterization of individual InP nanowires in their free standing geometry utilizing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We present measured current-voltage (

After localizing of the extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) throughout the gastrointestinal tract, free aromatic L-amino acids have been found to act as positive allosteric modulators suggesting the CaSR is a potential mediator in protein digestion. The binding site for L-amino acids in the CaSR is located in the venus flytrap domain (VFD). Point mutations on residue Thr-145 and Ser-170

This master thesis is a socio-legal study which explores the Swedish drug policy and its discourses, more specifically how discourses within the political sphere affects the political discussion and the legal norms regarding drugs in Sweden. As methodological approach I have used a critical discourse analysis, created by Norman Fairclough, to analyze political documents, trying to find the most po

This thesis considers the problem of finding an optimal control policy for control problems in continuous time and space, utilising reinforcement learning techniques. Finding analytical solutions to optimal control problems is often intractable due to involved constraints, cost-function objectives, and uncertainty. The focal point will be on reinforcement learning RL techniques to find approximate

The development of nutraceutical ingredients is of current interest for the food industry. A fibre-rich powder (FRP) was prepared by liquefaction of raw banana flour (RBF) and its chemical composition, water- and oil-holding capacity, and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Total dietary fibre (TDF) was higher in FRP than in the RBF, but the total starch (TS), potentially available starch (AS) an

Nucleotides in the free pool are more susceptible to nonenzymatic methylation than those protected in the DNA double helix. Methylated nucleotides like O6-methyl-dGTP can be mutagenic and toxic if incorporated into DNA. Removal of methylated nucleotides from the nucleotide pool may therefore be important to maintain genome integrity. We show that MutT homologue 1 (MTH1) efficiently catalyzes the h

Six-membered cyclic carbonates with hydroxyl and methoxycarbonyloxy functional groups were prepared by transesterification of trimethylolpropane (TMP) with dimethylcarbonate (DMC) by solvent-free lipase-mediated flow reaction followed by thermal cyclization. The flow reaction efficiency was evaluated using different configurations of reactor consisting of packed beds of Novozym®435 (immobilized Ca

The fermentative breakdown and fecal bulking capacity of dietary fiber from various vegetables (carrots, rutabagas, peas, green beans and Brussels sprouts) were evaluated in balance experiments in rats. The excretion of bile acids, protein and fat was also studied. The addition of blanched vegetables providing 10 g of fiber/100 g of diet caused a two-(rutabagas) to threefold (carrots) increase in

In most vertebrates, the development of a new individual starts with fertilization of the oocyte by the spermatozoon. A label-free quantification strategy was applied to investigate proteomic changes after fertilization and before first cleavage in the egg of rainbow trout. Samples were obtained from oocyte and fertilized eggs at 50, 200 min, and 15 h after fertilization at 4 °C. Significant chang

A mathematical framework and accompanying numerical algorithm exploiting the continuity equation for 4D reconstruction of spatiotemporal attenuation fields from multi-angle full-field transmission measurements is presented. The algorithm is geared towards rotation-free dynamic multi-beam X-ray tomography measurements, for which angular information is sparse but the temporal information is rich. 3D

Background: Colorectal cancer is one the most common cancers in the western world with increasing incidence. Approximately 50% of the patients develop liver metastases. Resection of liver metastases is the treatment of choice although almost half of the resected patients get recurrence in the liver. Methods: The ASAC trial is a Scandinavian, multicentre, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-control