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The present study concerns 73 patients with known unilateral breast carcinoma. Thirty of the patients had a primary invasive carcinoma removed and at a later operation contralateral subcutaneous mastectomy with implantation of a prosthesis. This was performed with or without ipsilateral breast reconstruction. Forty-three of the cases had an in situ carcinoma found by local excision, whereafter bil
The ability for a damaged structure to withstand progressive collapse is often referred to as robustness. A robust building is characterized by the fact that the consequence of local damage is never more severe than the initial event. The way in which structural robustness is approached in the design of a building differs a great deal from one structural engineer to another. For a structure in con
Background: Transarterial embolization with particles is a relatively common treatment method in both malignant and benign disorders. Permanent occlusion of the uterine arteries may sometimes be disadvantageous. Purpose: To compare the local tissue effects, possible side effects, and extent of recanalization following uterine artery embolization, using either degradable or non-degradable microsphe
Current consumption and production cannot rely any longer on traditional linear approach to satisfy increasing needs of the growing population. Instead, the principles of circularity should be applied. One way to do is to adopt industrial symbiosis approach, which entails physical exchange of materials, energy, water and/or by-products between traditionally separate industries. However, the uptake
This thesis investigates accessible information to the “interested citizen” about EU-related matters in his/her city, with a theoretical method that departs from Dahl’s (1998) definition of democracy, and focuses especially on the criteria of enlightened understanding. The study consists of analyses of online information and city council debates as well as interviews and mail correspondence with l
Studien syftade till att undersöka hur uppmärksamheten påverkas av emotioner med olika motivationell intensitet. Tidigare forskning har visat att det är valensen hos emotionen som avgör om uppmärksamheten riktas mot delen eller helheten, men nyare studier har pekat på att det är den motivationella intensiteten (MI) som spelar en avgörande roll. I vår studie (n=81) undersöktes positiva emotioner meThe purpose of the study was to investigate how attention is influenced by emotions with different Motivational Intensity (MI). Previous research found that it is the valence of an emotion that influences attention (broadens or narrows), but more recent studies have focused on Motivational Intensity (MI). In our study (n=81), we examined positive emotions with high MI, positive emotions with low M
A reporter is often required to report from different types of accidents, and this could be traumatic experiences. At the same time, a journalist is the only person who operates at these scenes without professional training in meeting persons in a state of shock. In the field of crisis coverage, there is much to learn regarding what consequences this will bring to the individual reporting from var
Close stellar encounters play a critical role in shaping planetary systems by perturbing the orbits of minor body populations like the Oort Cloud and the orbits of planets. Using data from the Gaia DR3 catalogue, this work quantifies close stellar encounters, investigating both Sun-star and star-star interactions. Assuming that stars move in straight lines, encounter distances and times were com
In Sierra Leone, West Africa, there are many people with disabilities in need of rehabilitation services after a long civil war. Purpose: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of prosthetic and orthotic service delivery in Sierra Leone from the local staff's perspective. Method: Fifteen prosthetic and orthotic technicians working at all the rehabilitation centres providi
Activation of the complement system by tumor cells was long believed to only benefit the host. Overexpression of complement inhibitors by many tumor cell types and results obtained in several experimental animal models were all in agreement with this hypothesis. However, recent reports imply that the situation is more complex than initially believed and that under certain circumstances tumor cells
We used a crossing experiment to investigate post-zygotic barriers that might limit introgression between a pair of closely-related, gynodioecious plant species - the widespread weed Silene vulgaris and the local Swedish endemic S. uniflora ssp. petraea. The study not only considered the effects of hybridization on conventionally-used (primary) fitness components such as seed set and progeny survi
From a control design point of view, modern diesel engines are dynamic, nonlinear, MIMO systems. This paper presents a method to find low-complexity black-box dynamic models suitable for model predictive control (MPC) of NOx and soot emissions based on on-line emissions measurements. A four-input-five-output representation of the engine is considered, with fuel injection timing, fuel injection dur
We present a theoretical model ion for Hg II, including oscillator strengths and hyperfine structure constants for a large number of transitions and levels. Different computational models have been used, depending on the observability of the lines and their importance in spectral synthesis of stellar atmospheres. For the resonance lines, we use highly systematic, accurate, and fully relativistic m
A microstructural study of mortars prepared with a low-alkali, low-C3A cement and a Class F fly ash, both of Swedish origin, was carried out using the scanning electron microscopy - energy-dispersive X-ray analytical technique. Supplementary phase analyses were made by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry -differential thermal analysis. Normally, CH crystals in the transition zone grow with thei
Studies were performed in guinea pigs to elucidate alterations in endogenous uterine norepinephrine (NE) levels and changes in the contractile response to exogenous NE following local sympathetic denervation, oophorectomy, or treatment with sex steroids. Both in intact and oophorectomized animals the myometrial NE concentration was reduced after sex steroid treatment (0.5 microgram 17-beta-estradi
The Swedish cue word men ‘but’ can mark the boundary between both different topic units as well as topic-internal units in spontaneous speech. The goal of this study is to see if these two functions of men can be distinguished on the basis of their local prosodic correlates and co-occurring lexical items. Men-tokens in spontaneous narrations were labelled as to their function, first using text-onl
The role of microglia recruited from bone marrow (BM) into the CNS during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is poorly understood. To investigate whether beta-amyloid (Abeta) associated microglia are derived from blood monocytes, we transplanted BM cells from enhanced green fluorescent protein expressing mice into young or old transgenic AD mice and determined the engraftment of BM-derive
Sedation in critically ill patients is a complex issue and at the same time an important concept for ensuring patient comfort. The aim of this study was to review the current practice of sedation for patients on mechanical ventilation in Swedish intensive care units (ICUs). Questionnaires were sent by post to head nurses in 89 ICUs with mechanically ventilated patients. By August 2000, 87 (98%) qu
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease exclusively produced by the prostate epithelium, and abundant in seminal fluid. In serum, PSA is predominantly complexed to a liver-derived serine protease inhibitor, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT). A higher proportion of serum PSA is complexed to ACT in prostate cancer than in benign prostate hyperplasia. Since the molecular b
