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This paper presents a scheme to construct distributed observers for a system consisting of agents interconnected in a graph structure. The scheme is an iterative procedure to improve the observers with respect to global performance. It is modular in the sense that each agent iterates using only local model information. As a consequence, the complexity of the scheme scales linearly with the size of
The need to integrate climate change adaptation (CCA) considerations into disaster risk management (DRM) systems is widely recognised. However, successful integration, and thus the implementation of integrated planning measures, is difficult in practice. To understand and reduce the problems encountered, it is important to investigate systemic challenges. These challenges are rooted in the interac
Free neutral chloromethane clusters have been produced by adiabatic expansion and investigated by means of photoelectron spectroscopy. By studying the differences between the cluster binding energy shifts at the Cl 2p and C 1s thresholds we have shown that antiparallel packing is the dominant local structure of the clusters. This geometry is induced by the polar character of the constituent molecu
Objectives To determine the agreement between ultrasound and histological examination of the cervix in patients with early stage cervical cancer with regard to tumor size and local extent of the disease. Methods Eighteen patients with histologically proven cervical cancer Stage IB1-IIA according to traditional clinical staging (FIGO 1988) who were scheduled for radical surgery underwent a standard
GaN:Mn dilute magnetic semiconductors with zinc-blende type of lattice and room temperature ferromagnetism were investigated by the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) with a high accuracy approach of the multidimensional interpolation, which makes it possible to determine the nanoscale local atomic structure around Mn impurities. It is found that Mn atoms are substantially incorporated i
Background. Founded in 1995, the Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry (SRCR) is frequently used for rectal cancer research. However, the validity of the registry has not been extensively studied. This study aims to validate a large amount of registry data to assess SRCR quality. Material and methods. The study comprises 906 patients treated with major abdominal surgery registered in the SRCR between 199
PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate, in a population-based setting, the surgical outcome in patients with rectal cancer according to the hospital volume. METHODS: Since 1995 all patients with rectal cancer have been registered in the Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry. Hospitals were classified, according to number treated per year, as low-volume, intermediate-volume, or high-volume hospit
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the incidence, complications, and outcome of local intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy for acute superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion in Sweden. METHODS: Patients undergoing local intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy for acute SMA occlusion were identified in the Swedish Vascular Registry (SWEDVASC) between 1987 and 2009. Patient data were retrieved in a struc
Popular Abstract in Swedish Ökat antal patienter som lider av kärlsjukdomar behandlas idag med interventionella metoder istället för kirurgi. Dessa metoder populärt kallade ballong sprängningar, kombineras numera oftast med inläggande av ett metallnät (stent) som hjälper till med att förstärka kärlväggen, så den inte skall falla ihop efter ballong vidgningen. Oavsett vilken metod som används, kompBackground: Restenosis is the most frequently occurring adverse event after percutaneous intravascular treatment of atherosclerotic lesions, which limits long-term patency of the intervention. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate if minimizing vascular injury during treatment by insertion of self-expanding stents or modifying the reparative mechanisms by local drug delivery can reduce r
Popular Abstract in Swedish En anledning till att nya växtarter uppkommer är att närbesläktade arter korsar sig med varandra. Detta har skett i alla tider. Hybridisering (korsning) mellan arter kan utöver skapande av nya arter även medföra att mindre vanliga, kanske endemiska, arter inte överlever (en endem = en art som endast finns i ett mycket begränsat geografiskt område). Detta beror på geneti
Background: Local pain at the site of intravenous (iv) injection of propofol remains a considerable problem in clinical anaesthesiology, and particularly so in infants. The aim of the present study was to compare the influence of two different emulsions of propofol on local pain following iv administration. Methods: Eighty adult patients (ASA I-II) scheduled for ear-nose-throat or plastic surgery
Arthropod predators and detritivores are among the first colonisers on land surfaces undergoing primary succession. In the absence of higher plants and herbivores, they may either have an allochthonous food source (i.e. of geographically distant origin) or local food source that is sustained by e.g. microorganisms. By studying spiders and collembolans on sites along chronosequences on recently eme
Most of today’s materials show either high strength with low ductility, or relatively low strength combined with high ductility. It is strongly desired in the industry to obtain materials whose mechanical properties can display a combination of high strength and elongation. That is why the new concept of harmonic structure has been introduced recently. This structure consists of strong ultrafine g
Global climate goals such as the United Nations 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement are formulated at the international level but are primarily implemented through national, regional and local governance. This thesis examines how global climate goals are translated and implemented across governance levels, from the UN to municipal physical planning, using the urban development area Södra Hyllie in
This paper looks at whether an implementation of a UN operation in a civil conflict effects the signing of local peace agreements. It is limited to the Africa and Middle East regions. The theory applied, and tested, is the Liberal Peace Theory. To test the question a new dataset is constructed by merging disparate datasets and data into one. The UCDP dataset on violent conflicts, and the PA-X loca
Det relativt lugna området bakom barriärö är en fördelaktig plats för hamn trots att navigationen genom själva inloppet kan vara utmanande. Olika åtgärder såsom muddring eller kuststrukturer kan vara nöd-vändiga för att säkerställa det önskade vattendjupet för en säker navigering. Island som är en önation är beroende av tillförlitliga navigeringsvägar som förbinder hamnar med havet. DThe relatively calm area behind barrier island are favored locations for harbors even though the navigation through the inlet itself can be challenging. Different measures like dredging or coastal structures might be necessary to ensure the desired water depth to maintain a safe navigation. Iceland as an island country depends strongly on reliable navigational routes connecting harbors to the ocea
Background: Approximately 80% of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) recurrences, local and metastatic disease, are diagnosed within the first 3 years after primary diagnosis and treatment. Recurrences, however, can present after a longer period of remission. Our goal was to identify factors that may predict the risk of late recurrence. Methods: We identified 677 patients with STS of the extremities and tru
