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Behandlingen av personuppgifter har i takt med den tekniska utvecklingen intensifierats. Personlig information samlas in i stor omfattning av kommersiella aktörer, inte sällan med syftet att kartlägga individers digitala beteenden. Hanteringen av personuppgifter är emellertid förenad med risken för att individens integritetsskydd åsidosätts och för att unionsmedborgarna ska tillförsäkras ett persoTechnological development has led to a substantial increase in the processing of personal data. Commercial players, usually for the purpose of identifying digital behaviour, collect personal information on a massive scale. The handling of personal data is, however, associated with the risk of privacy interference and in order to ensure EU citizens a protection of their data the EU data protection

Global gene expression of reprogrammed dendritic cells Cell reprogramming refers to the emergent ability to transform one cell type into another functional cell type. Gene expression gives us insight into the function of a cell, what protein it is producing and what functional pathways it is maintaining. In this project, I analyzed the expression of all genes of dendritic cells (DCs) reprogrammed

Splicing in cancer Proteins are functional molecules responsible for every biochemical process that sustain living organisms. However, how genetic information is expanded to generate amazing diversity of proteins during development and in cancer remains still mostly unresolved. The mechanism we have to account for this diversity is known as splicing. Information-containing RNA molecules, copies

Att röra på sig är och har alltid varit en grundförutsättning för vår hälsa och välbefinnande. Dagens samhällsutveckling tyder på en allt mer stillasittande livsstil i form av arbeten, vardagsliv och fritidsaktiviteter. Bristen på fysisk aktivitet är en av de största hälsoutmaningarna idag och individers levnadsvanor har visat en konstaterad anledning till detta. Det har traditionellt sätt varit Movement is and has always been essential for our health and well-being. Today's social development indicates a more sedentary lifestyle in terms of work, everyday life and leisure time activities. The lack of physical activity is one of the biggest health challenges of today and the living habits of individuals have shown a strong reason for this. It has traditionally been the individual'

Idag bor cirka en miljard människor i världen i informella bosättningar och saknar tillgång till avfalls- och sanitetstjänster samt stadsinfrastruktur. I Rio de Janeiro bor cirka 1,4 miljoner människor, en fjärdedel av stadsbefolkningen, i informella bosättningar, eller favelor som det heter i Brasilien. Bristerna i stadens avfallshanteringssystem manifesterar sig huvudsakligen genom ansamling av Today, about one billion people in the world live in informal settlements and lack access to basic services and city infrastructure. In Rio de Janeiro, approximately 1,4 million people, one fourth of the city population, live in informal settlements, in Brazil called favelas. The insufficiency of the city’s waste services mainly manifests itself through accumulation of waste in public spaces in th

I en bransch som i allt större utsträckning präglas av hållbarhet och miljö, blir det allt viktigare att hitta sätt att återvinna och återanvända snarare än att nyproducera. Ett exempel på detta är när det kommer till de obundna lagren, bär- och förstärkningslager i vägöverbyggnaden. Till dessa används traditionellt bergkross och naturgrus, som bryts från bergtäkter. Dessa material är inte oändligIn an industry that is increasingly affected by sustainability and environmental matters, it is becoming more and more important to find ways to recycle and reuse materials rather than producing new materials. An example of this is when it comes to unbound pavement materials, such as the base and subbase layers. For these layers, mineral aggregate and natural gravel is traditionally used, which ar

Rooks hoarding in the spring Rooks are among the species of birds that hoard food for the winter. During autumn the rooks gather nuts, mainly walnuts and acorns, that they hide in caches. Hoarding starts in September and peaks in October. Some hoarding may also occur in November. Rooks are scatter hoarders, which means that they hide their nuts in many small caches, usually containing a single nu

How different are you? In the world oceans, seagrass meadows are common and an important habitat. Their presence reduces carbon levels from the atmosphere and increases the number of different animals which improves biodiversity. Yet, seagrass meadows are highly threated. In Sweden, there are several reasons for their loss mainly related to human activities such as constructions close to the coas

Idag byggs det oerhört mycket. Nyproducerade bostäder konstrueras samt att äldre byggnader renoveras. Då är det viktigt att inte den större fokusen ligger på den ekonomiska- och ekologiska hållbarheten, utan även på den sociala hållbarheten. Detta för att förebygga ett segregerat samhälle som vi idag ser resultat av och drivs emot. Genom gemensamma bostadsgårdsytor skapar vi nya samlingsplatser. DToday, a lot is being built. New constructed homes are being constructed and older buildings renovated. It is important that the greater focus is not only on economic and ecological sustainability, but also on social sustainability. This is to prevent a segregated society that we today see results from and are driven by. Through joint housing estates we create new collection sites. This increases

Chemicals are developed and produced in order to meet the desired features of various chemical products. Chemical substances can sometimes cause adverse health or environmental effects when humans and the environment are exposed to them. Landstinget Blekinge (the county council of Blekinge) uses large amounts of chemical products annually. Products such as cleaning products, hygiene products, dent

På bangården i Nässjö har det mellan 1918 och 2005 legat en impregneringsanläggning för järnvägsslipers. Som impregneringsmedel användes främst kreosotolja vilket innehåller polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAH) som kan vara skadliga för människa och natur. Marken på bangården är nu kraftigt förorenad och ska därför saneras. Tyréns AB har på uppdrag av Trafikverket tagit fram ett förfrågningsundA facility for preservation of wooden rail road sleepers has been operating at the railway yard in Nässjö between 1918 and 2005. The main preservative used at the site was creosote which contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) that can be harmful to humans and the environment. The soil at the railway yard is due to these activities heavily polluted and the Swedish Transport Administration

Det övergripande syftet med denna uppsats är att redogöra för den svenska rättens överensstämmelse med EU-rätten avseende sjukfrånvarande arbetstagares rätt till årlig betald semester. En av arbetstagarnas grundläggande sociala rättigheter är nämligen rätten till årlig betald semester som slås fast i rättsakter som härrör från FN, ILO, Europarådet och EU. Rätten till årlig betald semester utgör ävThe overall purpose of this paper is to analyze if Swedish regulations are consistent with EU law in regards of workers being absent from work due to illness and their right to annual leave with pay. The right to paid annual leave is one of the fundamental social rights of workers and is enshrined in legislation arising from the UN, ILO, Council of Europe and the EU. The right to paid annual leave

2010 års straffrätts reform initierades som en reaktion på att straffen för de grövsta formerna av misshandel endast dömdes ut i den nedre fjärdedelen av straffskalan. Reformen medförde bl.a. att straffskalan för grov misshandel i 3 kap. 6 § delades upp i två stycken, där andra stycket med en strängare straffskala på fyra till tio år skulle vara tillämplig för synnerligen grova fall. De grövsta faThe criminal reform of 2010 was initiated as a reaction to sentencing levels being concentrated to the lower quarter of the range of punishment for serious cases of assaults. The reform led to the division of the range of punishment for aggravated assault in chapter 3 article 6, to two separate subsections. The second subsection would apply a range of punishment between four to ten years applicabl

Greenhouses and nursery-gardens is an important business in Sweden, covering a land area of 3,0 million square meters in 2011. The downside of this otherwise blooming business is however the use of so called PPPs, plant protection products, which is connected to it. Historically the use of PPPs has been widespread and the handling has been conducted in an off-hand way. During the post-war time the

Odling av genetiskt modifierade organismer (GMO) har länge varit ett omdebatterat och politiskt känsligt ämne i EU. Sådan odling väcker en mängd olika betänksamheter och frågor hos europeiska medborgare. I spektrumet återfinns bland annat frågor om risker för miljön och hälsa till socioekonomiska och etiska betänkligheter. Den här uppsatsen undersöker medlemstaters möjligheter att svara upp mot såCultivation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has for a long time been a disputed and politically sensitive topic in the EU. To many European citizens such cultivation raises concerns, ranging from safety and socioeconomic questions to ethical issues. This thesis examines the possibilities for Member States to respond to such concerns by imposing national GM cultivation restrictions. This i

Huvudregeln är att anställningar ska gälla tillsvidare, detta enligt både EU-domstolens praxis och svensk rätt. I svensk rätt regleras detta i 4 § LAS. Tidsbegränsade anställningar får dock träffas för de fall som anges i 5-6 §§ LAS. Dessa regler är dispositiva och det är möjligt att göra avsteg från LAS genom specialförfattningar eller kollektivavtal. Görs detta har specialförfattning eller kolleThe main principle is that employment shall last until further notice, this is stated both by the European Court of Justice practice and Swedish law. In Swedish labor law this is regulated in the 4 § of the Employment Protection act. Fixed-term contracts can be entered into by the examples that are listed in 5-6 §§ of the Employment Protection act. These rules are dispositive rules and it’s possib

För det fall ett straffbuds tillämpningsområde inte omfattar gärningstyper som kan skada dess skyddsintressen, föreligger det p.g.a. avsaknaden av lagens straffhot, en förhöjd risk för att viktiga enskilda, allmänna och/eller statliga intressen utsätts för kränkningar. Det faktum att ett straffbud inte omfattar handlingar som kan skada dess skyddsintressen, är dock inte tillräckligt för att det skIn case the scope of a criminal provision does not include acts that can harm its legal goods, there is due to the absence of the threat of punishment, an increased risk that important individual, general and/or state interests are subjected to violations. However, the fact that a criminal provision does not include acts that can harm its legal goods is not sufficient to justify the expansion of i

Background: In todayʼs fast moving world, the communication of science and technology is playing an increasingly important role for the relation between science and the public. Both journalists and researchers have their own agenda when communicating as public interest, corporate science and the competition for funding increases. At the same time, the conditions on which stories about science can

As we have evolved, human beings have developed a wide range of disciplines and discourses through which we address, analyse, dissect, explore and seek to progress, various aspects of our lives and what it is to be a human person. When considered from the perspective of each of these individual disciplines or vantage points different human features and aspects become the focus, depending on the le

The genes being studied here are plant Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO’s) which are enzymes that place molecular oxygen on heteroatoms such as nitrogen, and sulfur with the help of cofactors such as NAD(P)H and FAD. Plant FMOs are divided into three major clades: N-hydroxylating, S-hydroxylating and YUCCA. The YUCCA family is conserved in all plants, and performs oxidative decarboxylation of