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A new method for rapid determination of oxalic acid was developed using oxalate oxidase and a biosensor based on SIRE (sensors based on injection of the recognition element) technology. The method was selective, simple, fast, and cheap compared with other present detection systems for oxalate. The total analysis time for each assay was 2-9 min. A linear range was observed between 0 and 5 mM when t

This paper presents a test of modelling of fungal growth based on the heat produced by Penicillium roqueforti growing on malt extract agar. Thermal power (heat production rate) of P. roqueforti was measured by isothermal calorimetry at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. The equivalent diameter of similar colonies growing at 20°C were measured by image analysis. Four predictive equations including time lag w

A two-stage procedure for pretreatment of fast-growing willow with steam has been investigated. The first stage was performed at temperatures in the range 180°C to 220°C for times between 6 and 10 minutes while the second stage was performed at 220°C for 10 minutes. The fibrous material was washed between the two stages to remove the pentosans and thus increase the pentose yield. The pretreatment

The object of this study was to determine the association between tender point pain ratings, tender point counts and distress in people with fibromyalgia and to review the pharmacotherapy of fibromyalgia. Demographic, psychosocial, and health status information was collected from 316 health maintenance organization members with fibromyalgia. A manual tender point exam was conducted. Tender point c

In the present study, neuronal and Schwann cell marker proteins were used to biochemically characterize the spatiotemporal progress of degeneration/regeneration in the silicone chamber model for nerve regeneration. Rat sciatic nerves were transected and the proximal and distal stumps were inserted into a bridging silicone chamber with a 10-mm interstump gap. Using dot immunobinding assays, S-100 p

The construction sector is one of the biggest contributors to global CO2 emissions and buildings account for a significant part of the energy use in Sweden. Population growth in combination with economic development is putting more pressure on the environment, resulting in escalating consumption trends and larger quantities of raw material extraction. Policies and directives are promoting a circul

Även om terrorism utgör ett växande problem kan få presentera en precis och heltäckande förklaring av dess innebörd. I en internationell såväl som akademisk kontext råder oenighet om vilka handlingar som bör omfattas. I svensk straffrätt saknas likaså en definition av begreppet; istället straffbeläggs ett stort antal terroristhandlingar under skilda brottstyper. Uppsatsens syfte är att utreda vadAlthough terrorism poses a growing threat, few can present a precise and all encompassing definition of the term. Internationally, as well as academically, there is disagreement about which acts should be subjected by the term. Swedish criminal law similarly lacks a definition; instead numerous terrorist acts are criminalized under separate forms of crimes. The purpose of this essay is to investi

This paper investigates the literature concerning market efficiency and how that compares to behavioral finance. The works of Fama (1970) who laid the ground for the efficient market hypothesis and Jegadeesh & Titman (1993) who laid the ground for momentum strategies are both analyzed and compared against each other. A momentum study on the weekly returns regarding the Swedish stock market (OM

Gender roles and constructions of ideals have long imposed unrealistic expectations on people to behave in certain ways and even be certain types of people. Women, more so, than others. Ideals of womanhood, what it means to be a woman, a good woman, a new woman, have required women to perform who they are at all times. The imaginary of the “New Woman” is only of these ideals that has been around g

Lojalitetsplikten i kommersiella avtalsförhållanden kan definieras som skyl-digheten för parterna i relationen att tillvarata motpartens intressen utöver sina egna. Lojalitetsplikten kan härledas långt tillbaka i historien men det är först under 1900-talets andra hälft som saker började hända och denna utveckling tog rejäl fart under de senaste ca 20 åren. Lojal samverkan mellan parterna står iblaThe principle of loyalty in commercial relations can be defined as an obliga-tion for the parties to safeguard the other party’s interests in addition to their own. The principle of loyalty can be derived far back in history, but it was only during the second half of the 20th century that things started to happen, and this progress took off in the last 20 or so years. Loyal collaboration be-tween

Att störa allmän ordning, en av brottsförutsättningarna för ohörsamhet mot ordningsmakten i 16 kap. 3 § brottsbalken, är erkänt oklart. Rättsfallet NJA 1989 s. 308, vilket har prejudikatstatus vad gäller tolkningen av störande av allmän ordning, innebar en extensiv tolkning av ordningsbegreppet och har fått kritik från statsrättsligt håll för bristande avvägning gentemot mötes- och demonstrationsfDisturbing public order, one of the conditions of criminal liability for refusing to obey an official command under Chapter 16, Section 3, of the Swedish Criminal Code, is admittedly obscure. The case NJA 1989, p. 308, which established a precedent regarding the interpretation of disturbing public order, entailed an extensive understanding of the concept of order. The judgement has been criticised

En huvudprincip i den svenska rättsordningen är att den förlorande parten i ett tvistemål ska ersätta den vinnande parten för dennes rättegångskostnader. Ersättningen till den vinnande parten ska i enlighet med 18 kap. 8 § rättegångsbalken (1942:740), fullt motsvara kostnaderna för processföringen, såvitt kostnaderna skäligen varit påkallade för tillvaratagande av partens rätt. Inom ramen för part

The valorization of lignin offers sustainable and renewable products and materials. For that reason lignin needs to be further analyzed although the various challenges this process implicates. The major obstacles in this field are lignin’s chemical heterogeneity, all the modifications in lignin’s chemical structure owing to its extraction method and purification process and the lack of appropriate

Interactions of a potential new PAMP with a startling receptor The presence of an innate immune system means we are able to quickly identify a threat and promptly fight it off without the need to ask for its identification card. This way, innate immunity dampens damage while providing time for the adaptive branch of the immune system to develop more specific cells and molecules against the intrud

Framställningens övergripande syfte är att analysera huruvida en utmönstring av rätten till ersättning vid omprövning av vattenverksamhet, i enlighet med Vattenverksamhetsutredningens förslag, är förenligt med egendomsskyddet i Europakonventionen. Huvudregeln i svensk rätt är att den enskilde är berättigad till ersättning om det allmänna, genom en sådan inskränkning som avses i 2 kap. 15 § RF, åsThis thesis aims to analyze whether a discarding of compensation in the review of water operations, in accordance with the Water Operations Committee's proposal, is consistent with the protection of property of the ECHR (European Convention on Human Rights). The principal rule in Swedish law is that the individual is entitled to compensation when the government, through a restriction referred

Considering the growing pressure on various ecosystems all around the world, the development of ecological indicators for assessing the health and condition of the ecosystems has become an integral part of environmental management and policy making efforts. Such indicators do not only simplify the complex ecosystem processes but can also act as a measure of performance of a conservation policy. Th

Under lång tid fanns inte någon specialreglering i svensk rätt gällande skadeståndsansvaret vid dammhaverier. I juli 1997 infördes en lag som förändrade detta och pekade ut ansvarssubjekt med ett rent strikt ansvar. Den underhållsskyldige för en dammanläggning innehar ett strikt ansvar för de skador som uppstår nedströms till följd av ett dammhaveri enligt 11 kap. 18 § miljöbalken. UnderhållsskylFor a long time, there was no regulation of the indemnity liability for dam failures in Sweden. In July 1997 a new law brought a change to this and clarified which liable entity was strictly liable for damages. The entity responsible for maintaining the dam bears a strict liability for all damages arising downstream as a consequence of a dam failure according to chapter 11 paragraph 18 in the Swe

Uppsatsen undersöker huvudsakligen gällande rätt beträffande tillåtligheten av skriftliga vittnesattester i svenska kommersiella skiljeförfaranden. Undersökningen är inriktad på förutsättningarna för skiljenämnden att tillåta, påbjuda eller förbjuda användandet av skriftliga vittnesattester när en av parterna bestrider att de ska användas. Undersökningens syfte är således att genom den rättsdogmatThe paper mainly examines the legal situation regarding the admissibility of written witness statements in Swedish commercial arbitration. The study focuses on the prerequisites for the arbitral tribunal to permit, require or prohibit the use of written witness statements when one of the parties objects their use. The purpose of the paper is to thus to determine, de lege lata, the extent of the ar

Inom den sociala barnavården och familjehemsplaceringar av barn finns det tre grundtankar, kontinuitet, flexibilitet och närhet. Vid en familjehemsplace-ring med stöd av lagen med särskilda bestämmelser om vård av unga ska vår-den vara inriktad på att den unga ska återförenas med sina föräldrar, men det finns undantag. Flyttningsförbudet stadgas i 24 § LVU och ger möjligheten att införa ett förbudIn the field of child welfare there are three fundamental principles: continuity, flexibility and proximity. In the case of a family home placement according to The Care of Young Persons Act, the care must be aimed at reuniting the young person with their parents, but there are exceptions. Prohibition of relocation is regulated in section 24 of The Care of Young Persons Act and pro-vides the possi

The Lund SSAMS machine has been in routine operation since 2004. We present results from the last year of operation of the facility. The reference sample IAEA C7 and the "old" oxalic acid, Oxl, were used as secondary standards. As primary standard for calculations the OxII was used. The background and long term stability of the facility are discussed. We also report on the quality of the C-13/C-12