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Objective: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of emergency peripartum hysterectomy. Design:Nordic collaborative study. Population605362 deliveries across the five Nordic countries. Methods: We collected data prospectively from patients undergoing emergency peripartum hysterectomy within 7days of delivery from medical birth registers and hospital discharge registers. Control populations cons
Background: Proteolytic Clostridium botulinum is the causative agent of botulism, a severe neuroparalytic illness. Given the severity of botulism, surprisingly little is known of the population structure, biology, phylogeny or evolution of C. botulinum. The recent determination of the genome sequence of C. botulinum has allowed comparative genomic indexing using a DNA microarray. Results: Whole ge
Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are severe neurodevelopmental disorders with the male:female ratio of 4:1, implying the contribution of X chromosome genetic factors to the susceptibility of ASD. The ribosomal protein L10 (RPL10) gene, located on chromosome Xq28, codes for a key protein in assembling large ribosomal subunit and protein synthesis. Two non-synonymous mutations of RPL10,
Today, many cities around the world are looking for means to reduce their consumption-originated emissions and in this way improve their sustainability. Consequently, local governments are becoming increasingly interested in the potential of the ‘sharing economy’ (SE). By enabling the consumption of resources and services through sharing as opposed to purchasing goods for ownership, urban sharing
Det uppmärksammas allt fler kriser som behöver kommuniceras och hanteras för att organisationer ska kunna upprätthålla en trovärdighet. På grund av dåligt utförd kommunikation vid själva kriserna kan förtroendekriser uppstå. Ämnesområdet kriskommunikation håller på att bli allt viktigare för professionella kommunikatörer att kunna hantera och vara kompetenta inom. Det professionella kriskommunikat
In this thesis, emphasise is on the positive impact companies that can have on the fulfilment of human rights. Regarding human rights and business, one can mainly read about companies' violations of human rights. In my opinion, this negative approach will not stimulate them to improve their policies and performances. A more positive approach can be a motivation for companies to take the opport
Sjukförsäkringen är en del av välfärden och och den svenska välfärdsstaten. Sjukförsäkringen är till för att skydda försäkrade mot inkomstbortfall vid nedsatt arbetsförmåga till följd av sjukdom. För att omfattas av försäkringen måste den försäkrade alltså vara sjuk och ha nedsatt arbetsförmåga. Det räcker dock inte. Sjukförsäkringen är en arbetsbaserad försäkring vilket betyder att det är förvärvSocial Security is a part of the welfare system in Sweden. The public sick insurance aims to protect the insured from the loss of income that follow reduced capacity to work due to illness. Both illness and reduced capacity to work need to be at hand for compensation from the public sick insurance to be given. This is not enough though. The insurance’s purpose to compensate loss of income leads to
Medlingsinstitutet är en alternativ konflikthantering där parterna ges möjlighet att påverka konfliktens lösning och att återställa lugnet parterna emellan. Transaktioner är inte alltid friktionsfria och situationer kan uppstå där en av parterna vill föra saken inför domstol. Det är inte ovanligt att ombud i dessa situationer hotar om stämning som en skrämseltaktik för att ge sin part en hävstång.The Mediation Institute is a form of dispute resolution alternative to the judicial process where the parties may impact with the process and can influence the outcome, all in the purpose of restoring the calm between the parties. Transactions are not always successful and may result in a dispute where one party is inclined to take the dispute to court. It is not unusual that a part’s lawyer uses
Inom samhällsbyggnadsprocessen blir 3D-visualisering och -analys allt viktigare för stadsbyggnation. 3D-visualisering med digitala tekniker ersätter allt oftare 2D-kartor för visualisering av markanvändningen. 3D-visualisering för samhällsplanering behöver använda 3D-modeller av städer och städernas ingående byggnader. Arkitekter skapar redan detaljerade 3D-modeller, men dessa byggnadsinformationsWithin the process of city planning both 3D visualization and analysis are becoming more important for city building. 3D visualisation with the aid of digital techniques is replacing 2D maps on a growing scale for visualization of the land use. 3D visualization for city planning needs 3D models of cities and their buildings. Architects already create detailed 3D models, but these building informat
Art. 6(1) EKMR garanterar var och en vars civila rättigheter eller skyldigheter blir föremål för prövning eller som blir anklagad för brott en rätt till en rättvis rättegång inför en oavhängig och opartisk domstol. Vid administrativa förfaranden, såsom konkurrensrättsliga, har Europadomstolen ställt krav på att i de fall en administrativ myndighet inte uppfyller kraven i art. 6(1) EKMR ålägger förFor some time there has been loud criticism to whether the institutional structure and procedures for the enforcement of EU Competition Law is compatible with the right to a fair trial. Art. 6(1) ECHR protects this right in criminal law cases and cases concerning civil rights, by guaranteeing everyone the right to a fair trial before an independent and impartial tribunal. Concerning administrative
Historiskt sett har människor byggt sina hus med de material som den omgivande naturen gav. Både vass och lera är två sådana material som förekommer naturligt. Det som bl.a. skiljer dessa material åt är de processer som krävs för att de ska kunna användas som taktäckningsmaterial. Vassen skördas och torkas medan leran bearbetas och bränns för att slutligen bli en användbar produkt. I tidigare svenHistorically, people built their houses with the materials that the surrounding nature gave. Reeds and clay are two such materials occurring naturally. A difference between these materials is the processes required for them to be used as roofing material. Reed is harvested and then dried while the clay is processed and fired to finally become the useful product. In earlier Swedish history roofs we
Korruption är ett begrepp som inte har någon klar definition. Det är många vetenskaper som diskuterar korruption, dock görs detta med delvis olika synvinklar. Denna framställning visar att det finns många olika perspektiv att anlägga på korruptionsproblematiken, perspektiv som dessutom leder till olika slutsatser om problematikens orsaker och verkan. Fler tvärvetenskapliga perspektiv behövs, för aCorruption is a term that has no clear definition. There are many disciplines that discuss corruption, however, this is done with somewhat different perspectives. This essay shows multiple perspectives on corruption issues, perspectives which also lead to different conclusions about the causes and effects of corruption. More interdisciplinary perspectives are needed to be able to work against corr
Prospective observational studies have shown previously that study participants have lower morbidity and mortality than non-participants. The aim of the current study was to determine whether participants in a prospective cohort study on melanoma have a different incidence and mortality of melanoma compared with non-participants and the background population. Information was collected from Swedish
AIM: Routine colonoscopy to exclude colorectal cancer (CRC) after CT-verified acute diverticulitis is controversial. This study aimed to compare the incidence of CRC in acute diverticulitis patients with that in the general population. METHOD: Patients with an emergency admission for diverticular disease, to any Norwegian hospital, between January 1st , 2008 and December 31st , 2010 were included
SI-PASS is an academic assistance program that provides help for students in “difficult” courses, often introductory courses for first-year students. The idea behind SI is that learning a subject is enhanced by an exchange of thoughts and ideas between students. The goal is to make the students become active and independent learners that sees peers as a learning resource. SI-PASS is connected to a
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether exposure to cardiovascular medications and statins is associated with increased risk of giant cell arteritis (GCA). DESIGN: The population-based case-control study comprised a cohort of patients with biopsy-confirmed GCA linked to the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register to identify all exposure to drugs prior to diagnosis of GCA. Ten controls per GCA case, matched for
Att vatten övergår till ånga när man hettar upp det är ett välkänt fenomen, men även materia som bygger upp atomkärnor kommer att genomgå en fasövergång om den hettas upp tillräckligt mycket. Det som då bildas är ett kvark-gluonplasma (QGP), en exotisk form av materia där atomkärnans minsta beståndsdelar - kvarkar och gluoner - mer eller mindre rör sig fritt, vilket radikalt skiljer sig från vanliBy colliding heavy nuclei at high energies, which is done at RHIC and the LHC, a strongly interacting Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) is created. This manifests itself through several different signatures, which until recently was thought to uniquely probe the QGP. Recently, however, similar signatures have been observed also in small systems, such as pp collisions with high charged-particle multiplicity
In conventional synthetic transmit aperture imaging (STA) the image is built up from a number of low resolution images each originating from consecutive single element firings to yield a high resolution image. This lowers the frame rate and may result in motion artifacts. This paper, describes a method in which all transmitting centers can be excited at the same time and separated at the receiver
Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by increased urinary excretion of cystine and dibasic amino acids, which cause recurrent stone formation in affected individuals. Three subtypes of cystinuria have been described (type I, II, and III): type I is caused by mutations in the SLC3A1 gene, whereas nontype I (II and III) has been associated with SLC7A9 mutations. Of the 53 pati
