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Strengthening of feed security in the Sahel is urgently needed given the climate change and growing human population. A prerequisite to this is sustainable use of rangeland forage resources for livestock. Many studies have focused on the assessment of rangeland resources during the rainy season, while only a few have focused on the dry season which is the longest and most demanding period for live
Introduction: It has previously been found that strongly predicted words can be pre-activated in constraining contexts (e.g. DeLong, Urbach & Kutas, 2005). Furthermore, it has been suggested that an anticipated continuation from one syllable to another can be pre-activated before it is present in the input (Roll, Söderström, Mannfolk, Shtyrov, Johansson, van Westen & Horne, 2015). We descr
We evaluate the capability of the global atmospheric transport model TM5 to simulate the boundary layer dynamics and associated variability of trace gases close to the surface, using radon (222Rn). Focusing on the European scale, we compare the boundary layer height (BLH) in the TM5 model with observations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admnistration (NOAA) Integrated Global Radiosonde
Parkinson's disease is associated with multiple cognitive impairments and increased risk of dementia, but the extent of these deficits varies widely among patients. The ICICLE-PD study was established to define the characteristics and prevalence of cognitive change soon after diagnosis, in a representative cohort of patients, using a multimodal approach. Specifically, we tested the 'Dual Syndrome'
This thesis deals with the carbon balance in a subarctic landscape at different temporal and spatial scales. Its focus is mainly on the peatland and mountain birch forest (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) ecosystems within the Abisko area in northernmost Sweden. This is an area with a temperature close to the 0 OC mean annual isotherm. The area has during the last 30 years experienced a limited
The aim of the project has been to elucidate molecular events leading to amyloidosis in Hereditary Cystatin C Amyloid Angiopathy (HCCAA) patients, to enable simple diagnosis of the disease and with the ultimate goal to understand the amyloid formation process in detail, in order to develop inhibitors to the process. At the DNA level, a point mutation segregating with HCCAA was identified in the cy
To study the role of serum testosterone (T), estradiol (E(2)), and SHBG as regulators of peak bone mass and bone turnover rate in males, a cross-sectional study with data on lifestyle factors collected retrospectively was performed in 204 young Finnish men, 18.3-20.6 yr old. One hundred fifty-four men were recruits of the Finnish Army, and 50 were men of similar age who had postponed their militar
Popular Abstract in Swedish Den moderna tekniken att operera förslitna höftleder infördes av John Charnley i England på 1960-talet. Lårbenshuvudet ersattes med en metallkula på ett skaft och ledhålan på bäckenbenet med en skålformad plastkomponent. Bägge komponenterna sattes fast med en härdande plast, s.k. bencement. I början uppstod komplikationer med infektioner eller brott i själva protesen. DThis thesis focuses on the healing and remodeling of the morselized and impacted bone allograft, commonly used in revision of loosened hip prostheses with osteolysis. The influence on remodeling by the impaction procedure per se was analyzed, as well as the effects of endogenous bone graft proteins, and an exogenously applied growth factor (OP-1). A bone chamber model in rats was used, with the in
Background: Since the cloning in 1990 of cDNA corresponding to mRNA transcribed at the blood-group ABO locus, polymorphisms due to ethnic and/or phenotypic variations have been reported. Some subgroups have been explained at the molecular level, but unresolved samples are frequently encountered in the reference laboratory. Results: ABO blood grouping discrepancies were investigated serologically a
Antigenic variation of surface proteins allows microorganisms to evade the immune system of the infected host. This phenomenon represents an apparent paradox, because the variable protein must retain an important function, while its antigenic properties vary extensively. The surface associated M protein of Streptococcus pyogenes, a common human pathogen, exhibits antigenic variation due to an N-te
Northern Europe was capped by ice during Weichsel (Wurm), the maximum of which occurred approximately 18,000 years before present. When in the latter part of the 19(th) century the view of an all-devastating land ice (the tabula rasa hypothesis) was generally adopted by natural scientists, plant biogeographers used a simple model predicting a post-glacial, northwards re-migration of species in con
Popular Abstract in Swedish Kalcium är inblandat i många viktiga processer i kroppen. Kalciumbindande proteiner är viktiga i detta sammanhang. Det finns ofta en vattenmolekyl med på bindningsstället i proteinet och vi har studerat hur den påverkar bindningsegenskaperna. Kalcium är inblandat i många viktiga processer i kroppen. Kalciumbindande proteiner är viktiga i detta sammanhang. Jag har studeUsing optical spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and differential scanning Calorimetry (DSC), I have studied two different calcium binding proteins that can form kinetically trapped altered states. Calcium is very important in numerous biological processes such as blood coagulation, signal transduction, muscle contraction and bone formation. Calcium binding to proteins regulates these
A novel approach for surface wave testing of pavements is presented. It is a non-destructive testing (NDT) technique that can be used to obtain the thickness and stiffness properties of the different layers in a pavement. With this method structural properties of the pavement can be mapped as a function of time and space, providing a valuable tool in pavement design and management. The technical d
An effective uptake/absorption of drug formulations involve many processes; one being the transport of the active molecule through the mucus layer. The mucus layer is a complex mixture of biological molecules. Among them, mucin is the molecule that mainly provides the gel properties of the layer. Thus, the in-vivo physico-chemical properties of the mucus can to a first approximation be mimicked by
Popular Abstract in Swedish Sammanfattning Mänskliga aktiviteter och klimatförändringar påverkar vegetationen över hela jorden, idag och i framtiden. Denna påverkan kan studeras och kvantifieras med hjälp av observationer från satelliter vilka förmedlar information om vegetationsförändringar i tid och rum. I denna doktorsavhandling har metoder för analys av vegetationsförändringar utvecklats och Abstract This thesis aims to advance the analysis of nonlinear trends in time series of vegetation data from Earth observation satellite sensors. This is accomplished by developing fast, efficient methods suitable for large volumes of data. A set of methods, tools, and a framework are developed and verified using data from regions containing vegetation change hotspots. First, a polynomial-fittin
Popular Abstract in Swedish En studie av hur glokokortikoider hämmar inflammation Glukokortikosteroider, varav kortison är den mest kända, är hormoner som reglerar många funktioner i kroppen och även används som läkemedel för att dämpa inflammatoriska tillstånd som t.ex. astma och reumatiska sjukdomar. Glukokortikosteroider är mycket potenta läkemedel och används flitigt med mycket goda effekter.The aim of this investigation has been to study mechanisms by which glucocorticoids inhibit inflammatory processes in vitro. Type IV cytosolic 85 kDa phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is an important modulator of inflammatory responses that is present in macrophages as well as in other cell types. In macrophages, the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (dex) was found to reduce the expression of cPLA2 a
During the latest years the research on the effects of moisture on clothing system has been boosted. New information has revealed phenomena, e.g. “heat pipe” effect with its condensation-evaporation cycle(s) that has not been considered earlier in prediction of physiological reactions or evaluating clothing properties. Considering the material properties, e.g. the evaporative resistance measuremen
