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Background: In COPD, the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their natural inhibitors [tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)] is shifted towards excessive degradation, reflected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) as increased MMP concentrations. Because of their critical role in lung homeostasis, MMP activity is tightly regulated, but to what extent this regulation occurs t
Advances in Earth observation capabilities mean that there is now a multitude of spatially resolved data sets available that can support the quantification of water and carbon pools and fluxes at the land surface. However, such quantification ideally requires efficient synergistic exploitation of those data, which in turn requires carbon and water land-surface models with the capability to simulta
The emergence of the modern urban water system in Iran, albeit facilitated access to clean water and accelerated discharge of waste- and stormwater, it left some negative imprints on country’s urban and natural environment. Among which larger stress on natural water cycles and pollution of water resources are of great importance. More importantly, such impacts are occurring when cities are going t
Extremely thinned layers and possible folding make the dating of the deepest sections of ice cores especially challenging. Cosmogenic radionuclides have the potential to provide independent age estimates. The 36Cl/10Be ratio is largely independent of production rate changes that affect individual radionuclides and has an effective half-life of 384 kyr, making it an ideal tool for dating the new 1.
Deposition of phosphorus (P) is important for the nutrient supply to forests and open land but also contributes to the eutrophication of surface waters. Deposition to open land can be measured as bulk deposition while deposition to forests cannot be measured directly, due to internal circulation of P within forest canopies. This study aimed to quantify the total deposition of P to open land and fo
Nitrate nitrogen contamination of groundwater is often related to agricultural production and is a common problem in many parts of the world, particularly in regions that depend on groundwater for water supply. Nitrate nitrogen concentrations in groundwater in the Kumamoto area have increased in recent years, and countermeasures are urgently needed. Identifying the causes and sources of contaminat
In this study, we use a data assimilation framework based on the adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to constrain process parameters in LPJ-GUESS model using CH4 eddy-covariance flux observations from 14 different natural boreal, temperate, and arctic wetlands. The objective is to derive a single set of calibrated parameter values. The calibrated parameter values are then used in th
Whilst the importance of fungal primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) has been recognised, few studies have empirically assessed how land-use patterns influence them. Here, we show the impacts of different land-use patterns on fungal PBAPs within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. Spanning a distance of ca. 600 km within this biome, we collected fungal bioaerosols in the fo
Hur påverkas förtroendet för Försäkringskassan och socialförsäkringarna av massmediernas rapportering? Forskarna Christina Halling och Björn Johnson vid Malmö Högskola har studerat mediebilden av Försäkringskassan under perioden 2003–2012.Studien visar att medierapporteringen om Försäkringskassan är omfattande och att den ökar i samband med viktiga förändringar på socialförsäkringsområdet. Rapport
A causal inference framework was developed to investigate crop responses to agricultural drought by integrating meteorological data, Sentinel-2-derived data, and soil property maps. To account for crop rotation, soil, and topographical variables, propensity score matching was employed to estimate drought-induced yield losses at the field level for selected periods. The Plant Phenology Index (PPI)
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are becoming an increasingly global concern. PFASs are highly fluorinated organic chemicals that represent a serious risk for environmental and human health. Due to their toxicological impact, PFASs are now included in several emission regulations. Even if the global level of PFASs use is decreasing much of present concentrations in the environ
Objective: Enhancing the reliability of myoelectric controllers that decode motor intent is a pressing challenge in the field of bionic prosthetics. State-of-the-art research has mostly focused on Supervised Learning (SL) techniques to tackle this problem. However, obtaining high-quality labeled data that accurately represents muscle activity during daily usage remains difficult. We investigate th
Background: The aim of this study was to develop a method for personalized training of Deep Neural Networks by means of an MRI simulator to improve MOLLI native T1 estimates relative to conventional fitting methods. Methods: The proposed Personalized Training Neural Network (PTNN) for T1 mapping was based on a neural network which was trained with simulated MOLLI signals generated for each individ
When natural areas are converted for human use, resulting changes in the landscape often lead to habitat loss and fragmentation, which can disrupt key ecological interactions such as pollination by animals. In this study, we investigated the independent effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on the structure and composition of plant-vertebrate pollinator interaction networks, focusing on intera
An ability to interact with plasminogen or plasmin could provide micro-organisms with a mechanism for invasion. Thus, group A, C and G streptococci secrete streptokinase which binds and activates plasminogen. Some streptococci also express surface structures which bind plasminogen without causing its activation. Plasminogen-binding surface proteins were extracted from one group C and one group G s
The aim of this study is to generate a quality-controlled sub-kilometer dataset of the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) across Scandinavia from satellite. FAPAR is required for estimating the amount of PAR absorbed (APAR) by vegetation, which in turn allows for estimation of carbon uptake. In this study, FA-PAR was modeled from normalized difference vegetation index
Issue management in market-driven software projects is constantly under time pressure. A limited set of developers must share their time between developing features for the next release and resolving reported issues. Project managers need to find the appropriate balance between a high quality product and fast time to market. We study a telecom company in Sweden developing embedded systems for a co
