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Purpose: Radiation therapy with protons, owing to its physical properties, can beadvantageous for the treatment of children. This study was conducted in order to quantify the advantages of proton therapy from a treatment planning point of view in a consecutive, realistic, and mixed pediatric/adolescent population with varying diagnoses and target locations.Patients and Methods: Forty-five patients
Background Exposure to inorganic arsenic increases the risk of cancer and non-malignant diseases. Inefficient arsenic metabolism is a marker for susceptibility to arsenic toxicity. Arsenic may alter gene expression, possibly by altering DNA methylation. Objectives To elucidate the associations between arsenic exposure, gene expression, and DNA methylation in peripheral blood, and the modifying eff
BACKGROUND: Community studies have documented prevalence rates of psychological disorders among older individuals. Further, a growing number of studies have examined depression in older medical patients. However, little is known about the prevalence of a broad range of psychological disorders and psychosocial stressors among older primary care patients. The purpose of the present study was to char
Zebrafish is emerging as a complement to mammals in behavioral studies; however, there is a lack of comparative studies with rodents and humans to establish the zebrafish as a predictive translational model. Here we present a detailed phenotype evaluation of zebrafish larvae, measuring 300-3000 variables and analyzing them using multivariate analysis to identify the most important ones for further
Background and Purpose - Acute stroke patients with unknown time of symptom onset are ineligible for thrombolysis. The diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch is a reasonable predictor of stroke within 4.5 hours of symptom onset, and its clinical usefulness in selecting patients for thrombolysis is currently being investigated. The accuracy of the visual
Identification of subjects with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is fundamental for prevention of the disease. Consequently, it is essential to search for new biomarkers that can improve the prediction of T2D. The aim of this study was to examine whether 5 DNA methylation loci in blood DNA (ABCG1, PHOSPHO1, SOCS3, SREBF1, and TXNIP), recently reported to be associated with T2D, migh
BACKGROUND: Aggregate and risk-stratified perioperative mortality rates (POMR) are well-documented in high-income countries where surgical databases are common. In many low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) settings, such data are unavailable, compromising efforts to understand and improve surgical outcomes. We undertook a systematic review to determine how POMR is used and defined in LMICs
microRNAs (miRNAs) are 20-24 nucleotides small, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs. They associate with Argonaute (AGO) proteins and exert their function by inhibition or degradation of messenger RNAs. A single miRNA can target hundreds of genes and one gene can be targeted by several miRNAs, hereby giving rise to a complex post-transcriptional network. In the brain, hundreds of miRNAs are expressed
Sedan mitten på 1900 talet har halvledarmaterial revolutionerat hur vi ser på världen genom uppfinningar som det har gett upphov till, såsom datorer, solceller, och lysdioder. Det är möjligheten att kunna styra halvledarens förmåga att leda ström—mellan att vara nästan metallisk till att vara isolerande—som gör den användbar för tillämpningar inom elektronik. Under de senaste decennierna har elektThis dissertation focus on the atomic-scale characterization of the surface properties and electronic structure of III–V semiconductor nanowires (NWs). Since the early 2000s, the fabrication and characterization of III–V NWs has been a very significant topic within material science due to their potential for applications in lighting, energy harvesting, and electronics. A prominent feature of the N
The influence of different drivers on changes in North American and European boreal forests biomass burning (BB) during the Holocene was investigated based on the following hypotheses: land use was important only in the southernmost regions, while elsewhere climate was the main driver modulated by changes in fuel type. BB was reconstructed by means of 88 sedimentary charcoal records divided into s
BACKGROUND Embolic strokes of undetermined source represent 20% of ischemic strokes and are associated with a high rate of recurrence. Anticoagulant treatment with rivaroxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, may result in a lower risk of recurrent stroke than aspirin. METHODS We compared the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban (at a daily dose of 15 mg) with aspirin (at a daily dose of 100 mg) for th
BACKGROUND: Population-based data on subsequent neoplasms after women are diagnosed with endometrial and ovarian carcinomas are limited, particularly regarding specific histologic tumor types.METHODS: The nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database of 10.2 million individuals, which includes 19,128 invasive endometrial carcinomas and 19,440 ovarian carcinomas, was used to calculate standardized inci
Background: Electronic media use is an important avenue for reaching stigmatized populations. We examined Internet access and use of sexually related electronic media among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 4 cities in Tanzania. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 231 MSM in Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, Arusha, and Tanga regarding electronic media type, times of use, type of use and frequency
Unprecedented eviction, peripheral resettlement and simultaneous redevelopment of the urban spaces in the biggest megacity of postcolonial India – Mumbai reflect its development paradox, accumulation and dispossession processes, and rapidly transforming state, market, civil society and community relations. The vision of transforming Mumbai into a ‘world-class’, ‘slum-free’ city emerged in late 199
Arbetet omfattar uppföljningav ställda kriterier förlåg klimatpåverkan från betong vid upphandling av betongstommeför brf. Viva i Göteborg. Kriterierna följdes upp dels genom att LCA studien som genomförtsunder programskedet uppdaterades med data för den färdigupphandlade byggnadenoch dels genom att interljuva ett urval av aktörer för att få en inblick över hur branschen ser på de ställda kraven. This work includes monitoring of set criteria for low climate impact from concrete in procurement of concrete structures for brf. Viva in Gothenburg. The criteria were followed up by updating the LCA study performed during the program phase with new data for the completed building, plus a selection of the project stakeholders were also interviewed to gain an insight into how the industry received
Overt autoantibodies to the smaller isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) are a characteristic in patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id) directed to GAD65Ab effectively prevent the binding of GAD65 to GAD65Ab in healthy individuals. Levels of GAD65Ab-specific anti-Id are significantly lower in patients with T1D, leading to overt GAD65Ab in these patients. T
We used PCR and DNA sequencing to screen for haemosporidian parasites (Haemoproteus and Plasmodium) in 2,488 individual birds from 104 species and 22 families, primarily understory suboscine passerines, captured in a lowland Amazonian forest in Ecuador as a first major step to understanding the transmission dynamics of this cosmopolitan group of parasites in this region. To assess diversity of avi
Purpose: Although advances in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treatment have led to improved disease-free survival, this has been accompanied by an increased risk of second cancers. We sought to quantify the second cancer risks and to investigate the impact of family history. Patients and Methods: Using the Swedish Family-Cancer Project Database, we identified 9,522 individuals with primary HL diagnosed bet
