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Den största delen av det kommunala arbetet med hållbar utveckling är idag inte lagstadgat utan frivilligt. Detta innebär att långt ifrån alla kommuner bedriver ett omfattade hållbarhetsarbete. Då dagens samhällsstruktur och våra levnadsvanor samt olika miljöproblem ömsesidigt påverkar varandra och även får ekonomiska konsekvenser är det av stor vikt att arbeta lokalt med hållbar utveckling. Även i
This thesis aimed to search for epidemiological evidence supporting the associations of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with cancer and autoimmune diseases (ADs) by analysing several Swedish national registries. T2DM shares risk factors with cancer, such as obesity, diet, stress, and physical inactivity. However, it is unclear whether the associations with several types of cancers are due to share
1. A new methodological approach for detailed study of the organization of the cerebellar corticonuclear projection was evaluated in barbiturate-anaesthetized cats. Extracellular field potentials were simultaneously recorded in nucleus interpositus anterior and in the forelimb area of the C3 zone, at the cerebellar surface. On electrical and natural stimulation of the forelimb skin, the evoked pos
Background: The Btk (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) gene has been shown to be mutated in the human immunodeficiency disease, XLA (X-linked agammaglobulinemia). Btk is a member of the Tec family of cytosolic protein tyrosine kinases with distinct functional domains PH, TH, SH3, SH2, and kinase. Mutations have been observed in each of the Btk subdomains in XLA. We have analyzed the Btk gene in six XLA pa
Popular Abstract in Swedish I ett ökande antal regioner i världen finns det arbetande barn som organiserar sig utifrån sin identitet som arbetande barn. Jag har studerat tre olika unioner i delstaten Karnataka i Indien, där jag har fokuserat på hur dom själva upplever mobiliseringen och vilka möjligheter de har att förändra sin situation inom existerande normer, traditioner och samhällsstrukturer.A number of working children in several regions over the world are mobilising to fight for better working conditions and to gain their rights according to how they interpret the Child Rights Convention (UNCRC) from 1989. Despite the increasing focus on child participation, their approaches and their demands are in many aspects controversial and they are often met with suspicion among diverse actor
Popular Abstract in Swedish Nedisningar under Weichsel-istiden kring floden Notec i nordvästra Polen. Inlandsisar är en viktig komponent i jordens klimatsystem. Deras utbredning och rörelsemekanismer styrs till stor del av klimatet samtidigt som isarna i sin tur också påverkar klimatsystemet. Genom kunskap om hur inlandsisarna växte till och smälte av under den senaste istiden kan man utvärdera oThis thesis presents results of studies on the ice flow pattern and ice movement mechanism during the Weichselian glaciations in the middle Notec River area, NW Poland. A new lithostratigraphy of the study area has been established, based on correlation of stratigraphical position, clast lithology, fabrics and grain size composition of till units. The lithostratigraphy covers two glacial advances
Objectives: To develop evidence based recommendations for the management of hand osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: The multidisciplinary guideline development group comprised 16 rheumatologists, one physiatrist, one orthopaedic surgeon, two allied health professionals, and one evidence based medicine expert, representing 15 different European countries. Each participant contributed up to 10 propositio
Aim. Endovascular repair of complicated type B dissections has evolved as a promising alternative to open repair. Previous studies have indicated that continued false lumen flow is a predictor of continued aortic dilatation and risk of rupture during follow-up. This multicenter study was conducted to analyze the postoperative changes of the false lumen after endografting of complicated type B diss
Popular Abstract in SwedishHögre utbildning står inför en rad stora utmaningar under det tjugoförsta århundradet. Personligt, flexibelt och öppet lärande utifrån ett livslångt lärande perspektiv är av största vikt. E-lärandet ses som en av de drivande krafterna för denna utveckling där kvalitet är av avgörande betydelse.Denna kvalitativa studie, fokuserar på benchmarking e-lärande i högre utbildniHigher education is facing a range of major challenges during the twenty-first century. Personalised, flexible and open learning are considered among the driving forces, thus, issues of quality must be urgently addressed.This qualitative, multiple-case-study research with single and cross-case analysis focuses on benchmarking e-learning in higher education. The results of this study include provid
A normal mineral metabolism is integral for skeletal development and preservation of bone integrity. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a bone-derived circulating factor that decreases serum concentrations of inorganic phosphorous (P-i) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 [1,25(OH)(2)D-3]. Increased FGF-23 expression is a direct or indirect culprit in several skeletal disorders; however, the relati
In birds the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) organization differs both among and within orders; chickens Gallus gallus of the order Galliformes have a simple arrangement, while many songbirds of the order Passeriformes have a more complex arrangement with larger numbers of MHC class I and II genes. Chicken MHC genes are found at two independent loci, classical MHC-B and non-classical MHC-Y,
Objective: To examine the relationship of knee malalignment with occurrence of incident and enlarging bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and regression of BMLs. Methods: Subjects from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study aged 50-79 years with or at high risk of knee osteoarthritis were studied. Full-limb radiographs were taken at baseline and hip-knee-ankle mechanical axis was measured. Baseline and 30-mo
Background Plasma triglyceride levels are heritable and are correlated with the risk of coronary heart disease. Sequencing of the protein-coding regions of the human genome (the exome) has the potential to identify rare mutations that have a large effect on phenotype. Methods We sequenced the protein-coding regions of 18,666 genes in each of 3734 participants of European or African ancestry in the
55 m.ö.h. på Balsbergets södra sluttning finner man en av Sydsveriges största grottor, Balsbergsgrottan. Ungefär 250 meter vindlande gångar grenar sig ut från två större salar. Grottan har en rik historia, både ur ett geologiskt och ett funktionalistiskt perspektiv. De sedimentära bergarterna som bildades för 100 miljoner års sedan lade grunden till, att det efter förra istiden kunde bildas en gro55 meters above sea level on the southern slope of Balsberget you can find one of southern Sweden's largest caves, the Balsberg cave. Approximately 250 meters winding paths branch out from two large halls. The cave has a rich history, both from a geological and a functional perspective. The sedimentary rocks, formed 100 million years ago, laid the foundations for the advent of a cave here afte
Sedan vårdnadsreformen år 1998 blev den gemensamma vårdnaden allt viktigare i svensk familjerätt. Domstolarna arbetade aktivt med att införliva gemensam vårdnad som norm och skapa en ny rättstradition som talade för denna vårdnadsform. I och med 2006 års vårdnadsreform togs presumtionen om gemensam vårdnad bort. Lagförslaget innebar inga förändringar angående domstolens behörighet att döma till geJoint custody has been the main principle in Swedish Family Law since the custody reform of 1998. The Courts have ever since worked actively to implement joint custody as the main norm and to create a new legal tradition that advocates this form of custody. The presumption of joint custody was removed in the custody reform of 2006. The legislative proposal did however not result in any changes to
The central mountainous region of Nicaragua is an area subjected to heavy environmental pressure due to anthropogenic activities. For over a hundred years mercury has been used in gold mining activities in this area causing pollution of water resources. The lack of infrastructure in this region has made investigations regarding water quality and availability scarce. This work is focused around the
Klimatförändringar har amplifierats sedan den industriella revolutionen och modeller pekar på att förändringen kommer forsätta att öka åtminstone till slutet av detta århundrande. Globala temperaturer och nederbörd förväntas öka avsevärt under detta århundrade. Dessa ökningar förväntas bli särskilt markanta i de arktiska områdena. Torvmyrar belägna på höga latituder vid 0ºC isothermen, såsom StorfThe rate of change of our climate has been amplified since the industrial revolution and is expected to change even further by the end of this century. Global temperature and precipitation are expected to increase considerably over the next century. These increases are expected to be magnified in the Arctic regions. In a high latitude peatland like Storflaket, near Abisko (Northern Sweden), at the
Efter ett antal uppseendeväckande händelser inom näringslivet, där bolagen tagit skada ekonomiskt, tycks ett av problemen vara att avgöra vem som skall bära skadeståndsansvaret. Skadan verkar ha uppkommit efter vad som förefaller vara ett felaktigt beslut. Ett beslut tagit av bolagsledningen, där det framförallt är oklart hur styrelseledamöterna ska bedömas i ansvarsfrågan. Bedömningen av ansvaret
