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The structures of Ruddlesden-Popper n = 2 member phases Sr3-xYxFe125Ni0.75O7-δ with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.75 have been investigated using neutron powder diffraction and K-edge Fe and Ni EXAFS/XANES spectroscopy in order to gain information about the evolution of the oxygen vacancy distribution and Fe/Ni oxidation state with x. Both samples prepared at 1300°C under a flow of N2(g), with δ = 1.41-1.00, and samp
The epithelial cell adhesion molecule gene (EPCAM, previously known as TACSTD1 or TROP1) encodes a membrane-bound protein that is localized to the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells and is overexpressed in some tumors. Biallelic mutations in EPCAM cause congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE), which is a rare chronic diarrheal disorder presenting in infancy. Monoallelic deletions of the 3′ end
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-containing metalloenzymes that can cleave the glycosidic link in polysaccharides. This could become crucial for production of energy-efficient biofuels from recalcitrant polysaccharides. Although LPMOs are considered oxygenases, recent investigations have shown that H2O2 can also act as a co-substrate for LPMOs. Intriguingly, LPMOs generate H2
Reliable data on familial risks are important for clinical counselling and cancer genetics. However, the estimates of familial risk of gastric cancer vary widely. We examined the risk of familial gastric cancer using the updated Swedish Family-Cancer Database with 5358 patients among offspring and 36 486 patients among parents. There were 133 families with one parent and one offspring diagnosed wi
It is well known that certain cancers have shown clusteringin educational and socioeconomic groups, but recent comprehensive data on clustering by education are limited. We determined standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), adjusted for several variables, for cancer among men and women in six educational groups based on the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. People were identified with a certain educat
Carcinoids are rare neuroendocrine tumors, mainly located in the bowel, stomach and lung. Familial risks in carcinoid tumours are not well known apart from multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN1). We used the nation-wide Swedish Family-Cancer Database on 10.1 million individuals for assessment. Carcinoid tumors were retrieved from the Cancer Registry covering the years 1958-1998. The offspring gener
Although estimates are available of the proportion of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) among all colorectal cancer (CRC), its proportion among familial CRC is unclear. We estimated these proportions epidemiologically from the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database on 9.6 million individuals. Colorectal adenocarcinomas were retrieved from the Cancer Registry covering years 1958-
By attaching to cells or secreted mucosal components, microbes are thought to avoid elimination by the flow of secretions that constantly wash mucosal surfaces. The attached state enhances their ability to trap nutrients and allows the bacteria to multiply more efficiently than do unattached bacterial cells. Attachment is therefore regarded as an end result in itself, and emphasis has been placed
The enhanced vegetation growth by climate warming plays a pivotal role in amplifying the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 at northern lands (>50° N) since 1960s. However, the correlation between vegetation growth, temperature and seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO2 concentration have become elusive with the slowed increasing trend of vegetation growth and weakened temperature control on CO2 upt
Climate change will bring about a consistent increase in temperatures. Annual precipitation rates are also expected to increase in boreal countries, but the seasonal distribution will be uneven, and several areas in the boreal zone will experience wetter winters and drier summers. This study uses the dynamic forest ecosystem model ForSAFE to estimate the combined effect of changes in temperature a
We present results from high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations of isolated Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC)- and Milky-Way-sized galaxies that include a model for feedback from galactic cosmic rays (CRs). We find that CRs are naturally able to drive winds with mass loading factors of up to ∼10 in dwarf systems. The scaling of the mass loading factor with circular velocity between the two simulated s
In the β-d-galactopyranoside-binding protein galectin-3, synthetic inhibitors substituted at the 3-position of a thiodigalactoside core cause the formation of an aglycone binding pocket through the displacement of an arginine residue (Arg144) from its position in the apoprotein. To examine in detail the role of different molecular interactions in this pocket, we have synthesized a series of nine 3
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death world-wide. Recently, we showed that COPD is associated with gene polymorphisms in SUMF1, a master regulator of sulfatases. Sulfatases are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and activated by SUMF1, but their role in the lung is poorly described. We aimed to examine how sulfatases are affected in the airways of patien
Bryophytes play key roles in the ecological function of a number of major world biomes but remain understudied compared with vascular plants. Little is known about bryophyte responses to different aspects of predicted changes in moisture dynamics with climate change. In this study, CO
Through geological time, cyanobacterial picoplankton have impacted the global carbon cycle by sequestrating CO 2 and forming authigenic carbonate minerals. Various studies have emphasized the cyanobacterial cell envelopes as nu
A major challenge in evolutionary biology is to understand how complex traits of multiple functions have diversified and codiversified across interacting lineages and geographic ranges. We evaluate intra- and interspecific variation in floral scent, which is a complex trait of documented importance for mutualistic and antagonistic interactions between plants, pollinators, and herbivores. We perfor
Transposable elements (TEs) are dynamically expressed at high levels in multiple human tissues, but the function of TE-derived transcripts remains largely unknown. In this study, we identify numerous TE-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) by conducting Argonaute2 RNA immunoprecipitation followed by small RNA sequencing (AGO2 RIP-seq) on human brain tissue. Many of these miRNAs originated from LINE-2 (L2) e
The causal association of NUDT1 (=MTH1) and OGG1 with hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Here, we sought to provide additional evidence for or against the causal contribution of NUDT1 and OGG1 mutations to hereditary CRC and/or polyposis. Mutational screening was performed using pooled DNA amplification and targeted next-generation sequencing in 529 families (441 uncharacterized M
Distal radius fracture is an early indicator of osteoporosis, yet little is known about men with this fracture and osteoporosis prevalence. The purpose of this cross-sectional, controlled study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in men, from working age to the elderly, with distal radius fracture. Recruitment was as follows: men who fractured during 1999–2000 were evaluated retrospectively
