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BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed higher early mortality rates among patients treated with antiretroviral drugs in settings with limited resources. One of the reasons was late presentation of patients to care. With improved access to HIV services, we expect improvements in disease stage at presentation. Our objective was to assess the effect of improved availability of HIV services on patient pr

Domstolen har till uppgift att vid bevisvärderingen ta ställning till vad som är bevisat. Som huvudregel är det parterna som bär ansvaret för att det presenteras tillräckligt med bevisning. Enligt den grundläggande omedelbarhetsprincipen får rätten endast grunda avgörandet på sådant som förekommit vid huvudförhandlingen. Det finns dock undantag från kravet på bevisning och omedelbarhet. Domstolen The court determines what has been proved in a case by an evaluation of evidence. As a main principle, the parties are responsible for presenting sufficient evidence. According to the principle of immediateness the judgement shall be based solely on the material that has been presented at the main hearing. However, there are exceptions to the requirement of proof and the principle of immediateness

Spelar enzymerna verkligen någon roll? Bakterien Escherichia coli, mer känd som E. coli är till stor hjälp vid många processer för produktion av proteiner. E. colis inre maskinerier kan utnyttjas för att producera proteiner som vi människor behöver. Produktion av proteiner med E. coli är viktig för att kunna producera vissa läkemedel; till exempel proteinet insulin. Insulin är ovärderligt för de

Resultaten från tidigare miljötekniska markundersökningar utförda av Demikon AB och ÅF Infrastructure AB på fastigheten Berghem 2:26, Ljungby kommun, har visat att fastigheten i fråga är kraftigt förorenad av diesel. Fastigheten återfinns längs med Europaväg 4 (E4), är cirka 2200 kvm och hyser i dag drivmedelförsäljning samt verkstadsbyggnader och lättare industri. Baserat på resultaten från tidigSituated in Ljungby municipality, along Europaväg 4 (E4), one will find the estate Berghem 2:26, which according to previous environmental surveying carried out by Demikon AB and ÅF Infrastructure AB has proven to be heavily polluted by diesel. The estate is approximately 2200 m2 and accommodates fuel sales, as well as workshops and light industry. Based on the results received from previous inves

Det svenska straffrättsliga systemet bygger på att endast fysiska personer kan begå brott och straffas för dessa. För näringsidkare, såväl fysiska som juridiska personer, har det istället införts särskilda sanktioner såsom företagsbot. Någon särskild reglering av företagsbotsprocessen och näringsidkarens processuella rättigheter vid en talan om företagsbot har däremot inte införts. Samtidigt uppstThe Swedish criminal justice system is based on the fact that only physical persons can commit crimes and be punished for them. For traders, both physical and legal persons, special sanctions such as a corporate fine have been introduced. However, no special regulations of neither the corporate fine procedure nor the procedural rights for traders, when pursuing criminal charges of a corporate fine

Title The social media paradox How social media and influencers affect consumers’ perception of quality of life Course Code BUSN39 Global Marketing Authors Elisabet Lund & Paulina Haux Supervisor Peter Svensson Keywords Social media, Influencers, Conspicuous Consumption, Quality of Life and Consumer Behavior Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate how consumers perceive the co

Gällande entreprenadarbeten torde det vara vanligt förekommande att beställaren påtalar fel som denne vill att entreprenören ska avhjälpa. För att en part ska kunna aktualisera en påföljd vid påstått kontraktsbrott krävs enligt branschavtalet AB 04, precis som enligt allmän förmögenhetsrätt i övrigt, att en reklamation företas. Syftet med uppsatsen är därför att undersöka hur beställarens påkallanWhen it comes to contract work in the construction sector it is common that the client points out faults that he wants the contractor to rectify. For a party to be able to enforce a sanction in the event of an alleged breach of contract, the branch regulation AB 04 prescribes, just as according to general property law, that a complaint is made. The purpose of the thesis is therefore to investigate

Problemställning: Cementproduktionen i världen står idag för 5% av världens totala utsläpp av koldioxid. Höjda miljökrav de senaste decennierna har gjort detta till en belastning för cement och betongindustrin. Situationen har hanterats främst genom att ta fram nya cement där den hållfasthetsskapande Portlandklinkern delvis ersatts med andra material som genererar mindre koldioxidutsläpp. Ett anna

Oxytocin (OT) is a small neuropeptide, which is present in human plasma at extremely low endogenous levels of only a few pg/ml. It is mainly involved during labour and lactation but it has recently also been found that OT is involved in social behaviours like bonding and feeling empathy. During the last couple of years, the interest in OT has been raised and due to the matrix complexity, it is ver

Unga lagöverträdare har sedan länge särbehandlats i det svenska påföljdssystemet. Den som begår brott innan 21 års ålder särbehandlas idag både beträffande straffmätningen och påföljdsvalet. Bland annat får den unge lagöverträdaren sitt straff reducerat genom den så kallade straffrabatten. I december 2018 utkom ungdomsreduktionsutredningen med ett förslag om slopad straffrabatt för unga lagöverträYoung offenders have long been treated differently than adult offenders in the Swedish penal system. Anyone who commits crimes before the age of 21 is today treated differently both in terms of the sentencing measure and the choice of penalty. Among other things, the young offenders gets their sentence reduced by the so-called “penalty discount”. In December of 2018 a government department issued

Här behandlas Sveriges förbindelser med andra politisk-territoriella enheter, frånmedeltidens dynastiska unioner över de tidigmoderna konglomeratstaterna till1800-talets union av två nationalstater. Med hjälp av befintlig forskning fokuserasstatens växlande sammansättning och vikten av att skilja mellan riket och staten.Ett sådant perspektiv visar nya aspekter och ställer frågor som ett traditioneDuring most of the period from 1319 to 1905, the kingdom of Sweden formed part of a larger state, either through union with other states or through the possession of provinces that were not part of the kingdom proper. This is a neglected theme in Swedish historiography, where Sweden is described as a trans-historical entity, sometimes larger and sometimes smaller than the present state but still b

The aim of this masters’ thesis is to examine how libraries can better services for patrons with invisible disabilities. My hypothesis is that although libraries are legally obliged to pay special attention to persons with disabilities, in reality the special needs of persons with invisible disabilities are often ignored. Invisible disabilities are disabilities that are not immediately apparent. T

Background: Fatigue is a debilitating symptom in patients with primary mitochondrial disease nPMD). Developing new treatments that improve fatigue is a patient priority but is hampered by a lack of fit-for-purpose patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). We aimed to understand the impact of fatigue on the lives of people with PMD and develop a brief PMD-specific PROM to evaluate fatigue in clini

Background: Studies show that early, integrated palliative care (PC) improves quality of life (QoL) and end-of-life (EoL) care for patients with poor-prognosis cancers. However, the optimal strategy for delivering PC for those with advanced cancers who have longer disease trajectories, such as metastatic breast cancer (MBC), remains unknown. We tested the effect of a PC intervention on the documen

Background: Over the past decade, several PET tracers were developed to visualise and quantify tau pathology in vivo. However, all these tracers have distinct off-target binding, different dynamic ranges and likely different levels of non-specific binding resulting in large variability in semiquantification. We propose to standardise the sampling and the quantification across all available tau tra

Objectives. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is heterogenous. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the purpose, strengths and limitations of existing SSc subset criteria, and identify ideas among experts about subsets. Methods. We conducted semi-structured interviews with randomly sampled international SSc experts. The interview transcripts underwent an iterative process with text deconstructed t

The world faces major climate challenges and extensive efforts need to be taken to combat this issue. Replacing fossil-derived fuels and chemicals with renewables are one important step on the way. Hydrogen has a great potential as a renewable energy carrier for the transport sector and as a green chemical for the industry. Today, the production of hydrogen stems primarily from fossil resources. A

Laser-induced fluorescence is a clinical diagnostic tool, used for tumor demarcation and detection. The technique relies on the injection or topical application of a light sensitive drug called a photosensitizer. This substance has the ability to be accumulated to higher concentrations in cancer cells than in normal cells. This accumulation procedure takes from a few hours to several days, dependin