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Popular Abstract in English In an organism the DNA contains the entire biological information that is needed to be able to exist and function. Those segments, also known as DNA sequences are a genetic code, which is further packaged into units called genes. The entity of all genes is called genome. Today we know, that only a small proportion of genes encode for proteins, which are responsible for More than 90% of DNA does not code for proteins and for a long time these sequences were referred to as “junk DNA” due to their unknown purpose. With the advent of new technologies it is now known, that the non-coding part of the genome is of great importance for regulating gene expression and is therefore indispensable. Transposable elements comprise about 50% of the genome and co-exist as symbio

This thesis deals with the type of contract terms which normally are referred to as exemption clauses. Through the incorporation of an exemption clause, a seller is able to exempt or limit the liabilities or obligations non-mandatory law otherwise would give him. There is however several restrictions in law which are intended to protect the other party from abuses. First and foremost, courts can e

During the 1980s the word ’postmodernism’ was inserted into the dicourse of Swedish literature in a curious way. Even though both writers and critics found the word bewildering – or deemed it a buzzword devoid of meaning – it sparked fierce debates. Despite this, and despite the fact that few wanted to be associated with the word, it has become common to describe the 1980s as the era of Swedish li

Adult neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPs) are multipotent and self-renew over an extensive period of time. Transformation events in such cells, such as genetic or epigenetic alterations can result in brain tumors. One goal of research on brain tumors is to identify which regulators are impaired during tumor initiation, development and maintenance in order to understand the origin of brain tumors a

Diversity in lifestyles and socioeconomic status among European populations, and recent socio-political and economic changes in transitional countries, may affect changes in adiposity. We aimed to determine whether change in the prevalence of obesity varies between the socio-politically transitional North-East European (Łódź, Poland; Szeged, Hungary; Tartu, Estonia), and the non-transitional Medit

Barns internetanvändning äger i stor utsträckning rum i en kommersiell miljö där reklam och försäljning av virtuella föremål är ständigt närvarande. Genom att kombinera publikforskning, produktionsforskning samt textanalys (observationer online och dokumentanalys) bidrar denna avhandling till en kritisk förståelse av internet som en plats för barns vardagliga aktiviteter och deltagande, och som enChildren’s daily internet usage takes place to a large extent in a commercial environment, where advertising and the sale of virtual goods are ever-present parts of the online experience. The overall goal of this thesis is to contribute to a critical understanding of children’s commercial online environment as spaces for children’s everyday life activities and participation, and as spaces for comm

Soon after the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in March 2014, a peak moment in the events commonly referred to as the Ukraine crisis (Wilson A, Ukraine crisis. What it means to the West? Yale University Press, New Haven, 2014), media in Estonia and abroad started to speculate about whether Russia would stop at Crimea, or if Estonia, with its sizable Russian-speaking minority, would

Sveriges Olympiska Kommittés (SOK) riktlinjer ”Olympiska rättigheter och marknadsföring – Information till förbund, aktiva och ledare inför OS i Tokyo 2020” reglerar förutsättningarna för utövares, idrottsförbunds och icke-olympiska partners marknadsföringsaktiviteter under och i anknytning till OS i Tokyo. Riktlinjerna är utfärdade på grundval av 40 § tredje stycket Internationella Olympiska KommThe Swedish Olympic Committee's (SOC) guidelines ”Olympic properties and marketing – Information to Federations (NFs), athletes and coaches before the Tokyo 2020 OG” regulates the commercial opportunities for athletes, NFs and non-Olympic partners during and in connection with the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. The guidelines are issued in accordance with bye-law 3 to Rule 40 of the Olympic Ch

Internet of Things (IoT), det vill säga fysiska objekt med inbyggd elektronik som kan kopplas upp mot internet och styras eller utbyta data över nätet, har idag blivit en självklar del i många personers vardag. Det kan vara allt från hälsoarmband och kylskåp, till glödlampor och termostater. Som förutspås har vi dock ännu inte sett det stora genombrottet för denna teknik och vad den kan komma att The Internet of Things (IoT), i.e. physical objects with embedded electronics that can be connected to the internet and be controlled or exchange data over the network, has become an integral part of many people's daily lives. IoT devices can be anything from fitness trackers and refrigerators to light bulbs and thermostats. However, as is being predicted, we have yet to see the major breakthr

Under de senaste 10 åren har cirka en miljon människor sökt asyl i Sverige varav hela 163 000 enbart under 2015 när den stora flyktingvågen tog fart i världen. Detta satte stor press på Sveriges hantering av flyktingar och framförallt kommunernas bostadsförsörjningsansvar. Den 1 mars 2016 införde regeringen beslutet att kommunerna är skyldiga att ta emot ett visst antal nyanlända i syfte att ge deDuring the last 10 years approximately one million people have applied for asylum in Sweden and 163 000 only during the big stream of immigrants in 2015. This put a huge pressure on the Swedish management of immigrants and the housing for this group of people. The 1st of March 2016 the Swedish Government introduced a law where the Swedish municipalities are obligated to receive a certain number of

Förevarande uppsats syftar till att utreda vilka drivkrafter som föregick och motiverade rättsutvecklingen inom prostitutionslagstiftningen mellan åren 1850 och 1999. Därtill redogör uppsatsen för hur statsmaktens inställning gentemot prostitution och prostituerade kvinnor tog sig uttryck i den legisla-tiva utvecklingsprocessen. Arbetet har genomförts med hjälp av en rättshisto-risk metod för att This paper aims to investigate the driving forces that preceded and motivated the developments of the law in legislation concerning prostitution between the years of 1850 and 1999 in Sweden. Further more, the paper describes how the state's attitude towards prostitution and prostituted women was expressed in the legislative development process. The work has been undertaken using a legal-histor

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingens ämne är monstrets roll i människans försök att definiera sig själv – hur kroppar som kan benämnas ”monstruösa” fungerar som naturfilosofiska figurer i humanismens strävan att avgränsa det mänskliga från det omänskliga. Studien spänner över perioden från renässansen eller den tidigmoderna eran till postmoderniteten men fokuserar den franska miljön och två gThis dissertation studies the problem of the inhuman in relation to human nature in philosophy from antiquity to the present, highlighting the interrelationship between science and philosophy in the development of concepts of monstrosity in France from mid-sixteenth century to late twentieth century thought. By means of constraint, it focuses on Ambroise Paré (1509/10–90) and Gilles Deleuze (1925–

The aim of this thesis is to critically investigate and problematize the Swedish Teacher Unions’ use of the concept of professionalism within the political negotiation of how to ascribe meaning and content to the idea of teacher professionalism within contemporary Swedish education debates. Departing from two recent educational reforms – the certification of teachers and the reformation of teacher

-The purpose of this work is to investigate and identify the most efficacious methods to optimize train maintenance and operations during winter months. The study analyzes scheduled and unscheduled maintenance problems during winter months and considers various options on how to streamline current methods and procedures by identifying key areas and addressing optimization. This study presents prop

Rättegångskostnadernas fördelning i tvistemål regleras sedan 1948 i 18 kap. RB. Av 18 kap. 4 § framgår hur fördelningen ska ske då part har flera yrkanden, eller då part endast har ett yrkande, men talan endast delvis bifalls. Innan RB:s införande reglerades fördelningen av rättegångskostnaderna i 21 kap. ÄRB. Bägge lagarna bygger på samma huvudregel, att tappande part ska betala vinnande parts räThe distribution of costs in civil proceedings are, since 1948, governed by Chapter 18 of RB. Paragraph 4 regulates how the distribution should be made when the case of one of the parties consists of several claims, or when one of the parties only have a single claim, but the case is only partially upheld by the court. Before the introduction of RB, the allocation of costs were in Chapter 21 of ÄR

Medgärningsmannaskapet är en komplex rättsfigur som både tillämpats och kommit till uttryck på olika sätt. Det är en oförutsägbar konstruktion och därför intressant att studera och lätt att kritisera. Uppsatsens syfte är att redogöra för medgärningsmannaskapets rättsliga stöd, tillämpning och uttryck samt huruvida konstruktionen tillämpats i linje med en sådan medverkanslära som StraffrättskommiIn Sweden there is a complex legal construction called “medgärningsmannaskap” (perpetrators of parties to a crime) that is both applied and expressed in many different ways. It is an unpredictable unit in the Swedish legal system and thus interesting to study and easy to criticize. The purpose of this thesis is to describe on what legal foundation “medgärningsmannaskapet” is built upon, how it is

The topic of human migration and displacement has become more important in recent years and will continue to do so in the following decades. Voices become louder claiming that climate change is a driving factor for increased displacement and migration. Increasing unsuitable living conditions due to unpredictable weather patterns and increased number of extreme events are putting pressure on the so

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults, with mutations in the NPM1 gene occurring in almost one third of all cases. The ability to detect residual leukemia below the resolution of conventional microscopy is crucial for evaluation of relapse risk after therapy. In principle, this can be achieved by measuring residual disease (MRD) with two different approac

Popular Abstract in Swedish Synd och skam. Ogifta mödrar på svensk landsbygd, 1680-1880. Avhandlingens utgångspunkt har varit ogifta mödrar på svensk landsbygd i ett långtidsperspektiv, 1680-1880. Arbetet är kvinnohistoriskt och utgår från en önskan att synliggöra betydelsen av kön i det äldre samhället. Hur tänkte och resonerade man kring kön och sexualitet i det förindustriella bondesamhället? The situation of unmarried mothers in Swedish rural society during 1680–1880 is the subject of this thesis. It focuses on the judicial and religious discourse concerning extra-marital sexuality. The state felt duty-bound to control extra-marital sexuality, and this resulted in a dynamic legislative arena. An important objective has been to study the local consequences of legislative changes and ex