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This thesis aims to investigate the dynamics of the so-called “leverage-effect”. This asymmetry in volatility after negative shocks, relative to positive shocks has been documented extensively before. However, except for findings that it is not due to leverage, the underlying or enhancing factors that cause it have not been investigated. This thesis aims to do so, by testing for the influence of f

Den 1 juli 2010 genomfördes en reform som syftade till att höja straffnivån för allvarliga våldsbrott. Genom reformen infördes bland annat en ny mening i 29 kap. 1 § 2 st. BrB som anger att det vid bedömningen av det konkreta straffvärdet särskilt ska beaktas om gärningen inneburit ett allvarligt angrepp på någons liv eller hälsa eller trygghet till person. I motiven till meningen angav regeringenA reform, aiming to increase the level of penalty for severe crimes of violence, was implemented July the 1st 2010 in the Swedish Penal code. Among other changes, a new sentence was imposed in 29:1 1st paragraph BrB. This sentence states that the court, when determining the concrete penal value, in particular should take into account if the criminal act was a serious assault on a person’s life or

Popular Abstract in Swedish Beständiga organiska miljögifter, till exempel PCB (Polyklorerade bifenyler), har vållat stora miljöproblem i flera decennier. Dessa föroreningar är kemiskt och biologiskt sett väldigt stabila, vilket gör att de bryts ner mycket långsamt i miljön och alltså kan transporteras långväga med vindar och strömmar. Därför kan man hitta PCB över hela jorden, även i områden där Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) pose serious threats to our global environment. These compounds have high chemical and biological stability and they are also very lipophilic. These characteristics not only render POPs the ability to spread widely and pollute remote areas, they also make them prone to accumulate in adipose tissues of living organisms. Consequently, it is important to monitor P

BACKGROUND: Vascular rings are a classical cause of tracheal and esophagus compression. We report the case of such an abnormality in an infant with neurofibromatosis. CASE REPORT: A 1 week-old male infant with a familial neurofibromatosis presented a stridor with severe respiratory distress. A vascular ring was demonstrated and operated on. The stridor persisted after surgery. A postoperative oeso

Template-capped TiO2 nanostructures have been synthesized. In certain template conditions, TiO2 hexagons are found to form. These hexagonal structures can be effectively sensitized by fluorescein dye without any change in the protonation state of the dye. Bare TiO2 nanoparticles are not so useful for sensitization with dyes like fluorescein as they alter the dye protonation state. The novelty of t

1. Variation and control of nutritional input is an important selective force in the evolution of mutualistic interactions and may significantly affect coevolutionary modifications in partner species. 2. The attine fungus-growing ants are a tribe of more than 230 described species (12 genera) that use a variety of different substrates to manure the symbiotic fungus they cultivate inside the nest.

Thrips (Thysanoptera) are tiny insects that produce anal secretions whenthreatened. Several studies have shown that, depending on the species,the droplets may contain alarm pheromones and/or repellents againstenemies. In the eusocial gall-inducing thrips Kladothrips intermedius bothlarvae and adults produce such droplets. There are two castes of adults inthis species, soldiers (the sub-fertile and

Cu(II) complexation at the water-goethite (alpha-FeOOH) interface was studied by XAFS, potentiometry, and sorption experiments. Thermodynamic data indicate that the initial Cu(II) sorption is not accompanied by release of a H+. As pH is raised, hydrolysis occurs, and a maximum of two H+ are released per sorbed ion. Sorption experiments also show that Cu(II) complexation is insensitive to variation

To detect effects of Cu pollution, the Cu tolerance of soil bacterial communities extracted from several vineyards located in NW Spain was measured. Bacterial community tolerance was estimated by means of the thymidine (TdR) and leucine (Leu) incorporation techniques using either IC50 values (the log of the metal concentration that reduced incorporation to 50%) or the percentage of activity at one

Platelets contain growth factors that are believed to stimulate early fracture repair. Autologous platelets can be sequestered, concentrated, and mixed with thrombin to yield a so-called autologous growth factor gel, which might enhance bone repair or bone graft incorporation. The effect of this platelet concentrate on total tissue and bone ingrowth into porous coralline hydroxyapatite was studied

The immobilization of meldola blue (MB) on silica gel coated with niobium oxide (SN) and electrochemical investigation of its behavior as well as the electrocatalytical oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in reduced form (NADH) by this modified electrode are described. The modified silica containing 1.4 mmol g(-1) of niobium oxide dispersed on its surface adsorbed 55 mumol g(-1) of MB.

In the last few years, the traditional analysis of know as a factive verb has been lively debated by linguists and philosophers of language: several scholars have pointed out that know may be used non-factively in ordinary language. The aim of the present study is to expand this inquiry to other cognitive factive verbs than know, such as discover, realize, etc., and to investigate cross-linguistic

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the occurrence of strategic error in using key performance indicators (KPIs) in innovation Design/methodology/approach: This case study was conducted at the innovation department of an organization in the process industry that operates production sites and sales organisations worldwide. Observations and interviews werTo date, measuring innovation has not been an exact science. As in many areas of organizational life, errors in measuring innovation are a recurring fact. Innovation researchers and practitioners alike have become increasingly interested in understanding the occurrence of organizational errors and how these errors affect innovation and its measurement. This empirical study aims to address this und

A new hard-shelled sea turtle (Pan-Cheloniidae) with vestigial soft tissues from the lower Eocene (Ypresian) Fur Formation of Denmark is described and illustrated. The fossil (DK 807) comprises a partial, yet fully articulated carapace (estimated original length ∼50 cm) where the individual bones mostly are preserved in three dimensions, together with an intact sacrum, a consecutive series of arti

The quasi-stationary state characterizing the saturation of a single-pass free-electron laser is governed by the Vlasov equation obtained by performing the continuum limit of the Colson-Bonifacio model. By means of a statistical treatment, this approach allows to predict analytically the saturated laser intensity as well as the final electron-beam energy distribution. In this paper we consider the